Understanding Mexican Diversity & Culture

• It is necessary to understand the diversity of Mexico before proposing alternatives for change because it is necessary to understand the problem.
• The diversity of Mexico is reflected not only in its people, but also in various other aspects.
• "Lo Mexicano" encompasses everything related to Mexico.

Imaginary Components

• Relato: A history of how something specific happened.
• Narrativa: A collection of stories that point to the same conclusions.
• Discurso: The composition of repeated narratives by a social actor with a specific purpose (problematic).
• Arte: Human expression through which an idea, emotion, or vision of the world is transmitted.
• Artesanía: While art creates unique works, crafts create multiple works for practical use.
• Folklore: The body of expression of a specific culture.
• Cultura: The set of beliefs and knowledge of a society that encompasses its stories, narratives, and imaginaries.
• Endoculturación: When the older generation transmits culture to the younger generation.
• Aculturación: When a more powerful culture (militarily) is imposed on another culture
• Transculturación: The process by which a culture forcibly or influentially adapts from another culture.
• Identidad: A person's sense of belonging to a Nation-State, perceiving a nation as a whole represented in a culture; it is a collective process.
• Ideología: A set of values that prescribes a specific social and political behavior; stories, narratives, imaginaries, culture, and identity are the sources of ideology. (PROBLEMATIC)

Indigenous Peoples

• Olmecs: Known for the towns where they made big heads of gods.
• Zapotecs: The first metropolis of Mesoamerica, experiencing population growth and food shortages.
• Teotihuacan: Protected trade by military force, collapsing due to the Chichimeca invasion.
• Mayans: Developed a calendar and astronomy and invented the number 0, but disappeared due to deforestation that drove away rain.
• Mexicas (Aztecs): Moctezuma's plume.

Conquest

• Hernan Cortes had to unite with the Mixtecs due to the lack of alliances with the Aztecs in order to defeat the Aztec people.
• Spanish conquest (ideology): Dominicans taught reading to be able to read their history.
• The Chichimecas, nomadic hunters, waged war against the Teotihuacan culture.

Politics

• Politics: Public affairs.
• Political: Management of public affairs.

Sovereignty

• Sovereignty: The independence of an actor to act.

Constitution

• Dogmatica: Refers to rights.
• Organico: Refers to how to organize the dogmas. Hobbes: The sovereign is the leviathan that is above all, their will is the law. Rousseau: Sovereign is the population.
• Estrada Doctrine: The principle of non-intervention.

Education

• La Educación - Art 3: The state is responsible for the right of children to education.
• Art 31: Obligation to ensure children attend school to receive compulsory education.

Rights

• (Art 35) The right to freely and individually participate peacefully in the political affairs of the country.

Guarantees

• Art 4: Men and women are equal before the law.
• Every person has the right to decide freely, responsibly, and informed about the number and spacing of their children.
• Río Nueces defined the border between the U.S. and Mexico before the Río Bravo.

Before suggesting changes, understanding Mexico's diversity is crucial. This diversity manifests in its people and various aspects of 'Lo Mexicano'. Key concepts include relato, narrativa, discurso, arte, artesanía, folklore, cultura, and endoculturación.