Membrane Potential: RMP, Graded potentials & APs

What is the term used to describe the charge difference across the membrane of cells?

What instrument is used to measure the membrane potential of cells?

In which units is the membrane potential typically measured?

What type of cells are capable of changing their membrane potential to produce action potentials?

What is the average resting membrane potential for most neurons?

Which pump plays a role in creating the charge difference at resting membrane potential by pumping out 3 Na+ for every 2 K+ it brings in?

Which of the following cells are NOT capable of producing graded potentials or action potentials when stimulated?

What ions contribute to the differences in concentrations inside and outside the cell, leading to the resting membrane potential?

What is the typical resting membrane potential for excitable cells like muscle cells and sensory receptors?

Why are excitables cells capable of changing their membrane potential?

What is the net effect each time the Na+/K+ pump carries out its function?

What contributes to the negative charge inside the cell at resting membrane potential?

What is the primary reason for the relatively more negative charge inside the cell compared to outside?

What term is used to describe changes in the charge difference across the membrane of variable strength?

'Depolarization' events make it more likely for a response to happen in a cell because they make the cell more ___.

'Hyperpolarization' events are referred to as inhibitory because they make it less likely for a response to happen by making the cell more ___.

What is the typical threshold level of depolarization for most neurons to 'fire'?

'Action potentials' rely on the opening and closing of which channels in neurons?

'Repolarization' refers to the process where the cell returns back to resting membrane potential after ___ occurs.

'Graded potentials' occur in which parts of a neuron?

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

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Match the following ion movements with their effects on membrane potential:

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What is the significance of the overshoot during hyperpolarization in an action potential?

What role do chemically-regulated channels play in influencing membrane permeability?

What is the primary function of leakage channels in a cell?

Which ion channels open first during an action potential, leading to depolarization?

What is the role of voltage-gated ion channels like potassium during an action potential?

How does an excitatory stimulus affect the membrane potential of a cell?

What happens when potassium channels remain open longer than necessary during an action potential?

Sodium channels open after potassium channels close during an action potential.

Leakage channels, such as sodium leakage channels, are always closed.

Chemically-regulated channels are influenced by neurotransmitters binding to receptors.

An inhibitory stimulus leads to negative charges entering the cell.

Hyperpolarization makes the cell more positive than the resting membrane potential.

The overshoot during hyperpolarization is caused by sodium channels remaining open longer than necessary.

Voltage-gated ion channels like calcium play a minimal role in neurons.

How does myelination influence the conduction speed of action potentials?

What role does the axon diameter play in the conduction speed of action potentials?

Which factor allows action potentials to maintain the same strength throughout?

What influences the varying conduction speeds in different types of neurons?

Match the following statements with their correct descriptions:

Match the following terms with their effects on action potentials:

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Match the following ion movements with their effects on membrane potential: