Questions and Answers
What is the SI unit used to measure the strength of a magnetic field?
Tesla
How is the magnetic field around a current-carrying wire shaped?
Concentric circles
Which rule determines the direction of the magnetic field around a current-carrying wire?
Right-hand rule
What do magnetic field lines represent?
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Inside a solenoid, the magnetic field is concentrated and uniform due to:
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What causes two bar magnets to attract each other when the ends are brought close together?
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How does the addition of more turns of wire to a solenoid affect the strength of the magnetic field inside the solenoid?
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Why do bar magnets continue to pull towards each other even after reaching a certain point?
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What happens when the north pole of one bar magnet is brought close to the south pole of another bar magnet?
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How does adding an iron core to a solenoid affect the magnetic field produced within the air space of the coil?
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Study Notes
Magnetic Field Strength
A magnetic field is measured by its strength or magnitude. This value can range from very weak fields produced by individual atoms to incredibly strong fields generated near superconductors. One common method of measuring the strength of a magnetic field is using Tesla, an SI unit named after Nikola Tesla. A Tesla is defined as one weber per square meter; where a weber represents the amount of magnetic flux crossing a plane normal to the direction of the field's lines.
Magnetic Field Due to a Current-Carrying Conductor
One source of a magnetic field arises when there is an electric current flowing through a wire. According to Ampere's law, a wire carrying current produces a magnetic field in the shape of concentric circles centered on the wire, with the direction determined by right hand rule. Upon increasing the current, the intensity of this circular magnetic field increases proportionally.
Magnetic Field Lines
Magnetic field lines represent the paths taken by positive test charges undergoing circular motion in a uniform magnetic field. They help visualize how the forces acting upon these test charges create a magnetic field. In general, any location that is along the line of force will experience the same magnitude of force exerted in the same direction. For example, if you follow a single field line, the magnetic force experienced would remain constant in both direction and magnitude.
Magnetic Field Around a Bar Magnet
If the ends of a bar magnet are brought close together, they attract each other because like poles repel while unlike poles attract. If the two magnets are pushed apart again, they will push against each other because the north pole of one magnet repels the south pole of another magnet. If the poles of the two magnets are opposite, the attraction between them becomes stronger and stronger until it reaches a certain point and stops getting stronger. After that point, the bar magnets will continue to pull towards each other.
Magnetic Field Inside a Solenoid
When current flows through a coil of insulated conducting wire, called a solenoid, a magnetic field forms within the coil itself. As more turns of wire are added to the coil, the strength of the magnetic field produced within the coil gets larger and larger. When an iron core is added to the center of the solenoid, the magnetic field produced within the air space of the coil gets even stronger.
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