Podcast
Questions and Answers
Literature comes from the Latin word 'litera' which means ______.
Literature comes from the Latin word 'litera' which means ______.
letter
Prose presents a story that is invented and not literally ______.
Prose presents a story that is invented and not literally ______.
true
Poetry is a piece of art written in ______ or verse expressing various emotions.
Poetry is a piece of art written in ______ or verse expressing various emotions.
meter
Drama comes from the Greek word 'dran' which means 'to ______.'
Drama comes from the Greek word 'dran' which means 'to ______.'
An ______ expresses the viewpoint or opinion of the writer about a particular problem or event.
An ______ expresses the viewpoint or opinion of the writer about a particular problem or event.
Literature sharpens our sense of moral ______.
Literature sharpens our sense of moral ______.
A ______ is a work of fictional narrative prose with a few characters and a single major event.
A ______ is a work of fictional narrative prose with a few characters and a single major event.
Literature links us with the world of which we are a ______.
Literature links us with the world of which we are a ______.
Oral tradition is a form of human communication wherein knowledge, art, ideas and cultural material is transmitted ______ from one generation to another.
Oral tradition is a form of human communication wherein knowledge, art, ideas and cultural material is transmitted ______ from one generation to another.
A ______ is a question or statement that describes something without naming it, leaving the reader to guess.
A ______ is a question or statement that describes something without naming it, leaving the reader to guess.
A ______ is a short, memorable saying that embodies a common place fact of experience.
A ______ is a short, memorable saying that embodies a common place fact of experience.
The term ______ comes from the Greek word 'Mythos', meaning 'Story' or 'legend'.
The term ______ comes from the Greek word 'Mythos', meaning 'Story' or 'legend'.
An ______ is a long narrative poem that relates the great deeds of a hero embodying the values of a society.
An ______ is a long narrative poem that relates the great deeds of a hero embodying the values of a society.
Paz Marquez Benitez is known for her work 'Dead Stars' published in the ______ Herald in 1925.
Paz Marquez Benitez is known for her work 'Dead Stars' published in the ______ Herald in 1925.
Jose Garcia Villa introduced the 'reversed consonance ______ scheme' in poetry.
Jose Garcia Villa introduced the 'reversed consonance ______ scheme' in poetry.
Alfredo Salazar, the main character in 'Dead Stars', first falls in love with a woman named ______.
Alfredo Salazar, the main character in 'Dead Stars', first falls in love with a woman named ______.
Alfredo is a lawyer who has strong desires and wants warmth and ______.
Alfredo is a lawyer who has strong desires and wants warmth and ______.
Esperanza is described as an impassionate woman having strong will and ______.
Esperanza is described as an impassionate woman having strong will and ______.
Alfredo soon becomes attracted to ______ after his feelings for Esperanza fade.
Alfredo soon becomes attracted to ______ after his feelings for Esperanza fade.
Julia Salas is the sister-in-law of the ______, who is a friend of Alfredo’s father.
Julia Salas is the sister-in-law of the ______, who is a friend of Alfredo’s father.
He keeps secrets from Esperanza to avoid the ______ of his fiancée discovering his feelings for Julia.
He keeps secrets from Esperanza to avoid the ______ of his fiancée discovering his feelings for Julia.
Alfredo decides to declare his true feelings for Julia after learning about her return to his ______ town.
Alfredo decides to declare his true feelings for Julia after learning about her return to his ______ town.
Esperanza encourages Alfredo to cancel the ______ after learning about his affair.
Esperanza encourages Alfredo to cancel the ______ after learning about his affair.
The poet of the text expresses feelings of loss with the lines 'Where is my ______?'
The poet of the text expresses feelings of loss with the lines 'Where is my ______?'
Pedro entrusts Soledad with two keys: one is to a large trunk containing his personal belongings, and the other is a small key that unlocks a ______.
Pedro entrusts Soledad with two keys: one is to a large trunk containing his personal belongings, and the other is a small key that unlocks a ______.
Upon Pedro's return, he notices that Soledad is ______ but does not initially understand why.
Upon Pedro's return, he notices that Soledad is ______ but does not initially understand why.
Soledad feels a wave of insecurity and jealousy after seeing the clothes, as she realizes Pedro has been keeping this part of his ______ close to him.
Soledad feels a wave of insecurity and jealousy after seeing the clothes, as she realizes Pedro has been keeping this part of his ______ close to him.
The story ends with an air of unresolved ______ between the couple.
The story ends with an air of unresolved ______ between the couple.
The poem describes how, after the rain, darkness lifts to luminous ______ of space above.
The poem describes how, after the rain, darkness lifts to luminous ______ of space above.
The story underscores the painful reality that hard work alone does not always lead to ______.
The story underscores the painful reality that hard work alone does not always lead to ______.
Dodong marries his girlfriend Teang despite feeling he knows ______.
Dodong marries his girlfriend Teang despite feeling he knows ______.
The poem glorifies Rizal as an ______ hero.
The poem glorifies Rizal as an ______ hero.
As Dodong grapples with early marriage, he struggles with feelings of ______.
As Dodong grapples with early marriage, he struggles with feelings of ______.
The phrase 'sleep peacefully in the shadows of the other ______' suggests a reverence for those who have passed.
The phrase 'sleep peacefully in the shadows of the other ______' suggests a reverence for those who have passed.
The burden of responsibility weighs heavily on Dodong as he faces the realities of raising ______.
The burden of responsibility weighs heavily on Dodong as he faces the realities of raising ______.
Rizal's spirit, though physically gone, is said to have ______ an empire.
Rizal's spirit, though physically gone, is said to have ______ an empire.
The opening lines of a poem often evoke strong ______ towards a beloved.
The opening lines of a poem often evoke strong ______ towards a beloved.
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
What is Literature?
- Literature is a broad term for written works, especially those considered to be of artistic or intellectual value.
- It comes from the Latin word "litera," meaning "letter."
- Literature reflects the thoughts and expressions of people.
Importance of Literature
- Personal and intellectual growth
- Connection to the wider world
- Transcending time, place, and culture
- Developing empathy for all living things
- Sharpening moral judgment
- Stimulating imagination and ingenuity
- Exploring irony, paradox, oxymoron, and ambivalence
- Seeing the world from different perspectives
- Reliving history
- Reminding us of our shared humanity
Main Divisions of Literature
- Prose:
- Invented stories, not literally true.
- Written to be read, not acted.
- Narrated by a voice, not dramatized.
- Examples: novels and short stories.
- Characterized by continuous text, no line breaks.
- Sentences run to the right margin.
- First word of each sentence capitalized.
- Poetry:
- Artistic expression of emotions through meter or verse.
- Employs techniques like metaphors, similes, and onomatopoeia.
- Uses line breaks.
- First word of each sentence may or may not be capitalized (modern poets).
- Shape varies depending on length and poet's intent.
4 Genres of Literature
- Drama:
- From the Greek "dran," meaning "to do" or "to act."
- Stories acted out, showing characters going through life events.
- Speech and action recreate the flow of human life.
- Essay:
- Expresses the writer's viewpoint or opinion on a problem or event.
- Examples: editorial pages of newspapers.
- Poetry:
- Collection of words expressing an emotion or idea.
- Short Story:
- Work of fiction with a few characters, limited setting, and a single major event.
Oral Tradition:
- Knowledge, art, ideas, and cultural material passed down orally.
Riddle:
- A question or statement describing something without naming it, requiring the reader to guess.
Proverb:
- A short, memorable saying embodying a common experience, often with bold imagery.
Myth
- From the Greek "Mythos," meaning "story" or "legend."
Legend:
- A semi-true story, passed down through generations, with cultural significance.
Epic:
- A long narrative poem about the deeds of larger-than-life heroes embodying societal values.
Early Period Writers (1900-1930)
- Paz Marquez Benitez:
- Author of "Dead Stars" (1925).
- Jose Garcia Villa:
- Filipino poet, National Artist of the Philippines in Literature (1973).
- Known for the "reversed consonance rhyme scheme" in poetry.
- Pen name: Doveglion.
- Wrote "Footnote to Youth" and "Many Voices."
- Amador T. Daguio:
- Wrote "Man of Earth" (1932).
- Other Writers:
- Arturo Rotor
- Tarcila Malabanan Katigbag
- Fernando Maramag
- Paz Latorena
Dead Stars by Paz Marquez Benitez
Characters
- Alfredo Salazar:
- Son of Don Julian, a bachelor over thirty.
- Believes in true love and finding ecstasy in it.
- Falls in love with Esperanza, then Julia Salas.
- Esperanza:
- Alfredo's fiancée.
- Impassionate, strong-willed, and with consistent beauty.
- Julia Salas:
- Sister-in-law of Judge Del Valle (a friend of Alfredo's father).
- The second woman Alfredo falls in love with.
- Remains single throughout her life.
- Don Julian:
- Alfredo's father.
- Carmen:
- Alfredo's sister.
- Judge Del Valle:
- Julia's brother-in-law.
- Donna Adella:
- Julia's sister.
- Calixta:
- A messenger for Esperanza and Alfredo.
- Dionisio:
- Donna's husband.
- Vicente:
- Carmen's husband.
Plot Summary:
- The story revolves around Alfredo's affairs.
- He falls in love with Esperanza and they get engaged after three years.
- Alfredo, desiring warmth and compassion, loses interest in Esperanza when he meets Julia.
- He is strongly attracted to Julia's optimism, charm, and dreams.
- Despite his engagement, Alfredo doesn't disclose it to Julia and keeps secrets from Esperanza.
- He learns about Julia's return and fears losing her, so he decides to confess his feelings.
- After a church function, Alfredo goes to meet Julia but learns she knows about his engagement.
- She wishes him well and leaves.
- Back home, Alfredo finds Esperanza talking about loyalty and faithfulness with a friend.
- Esperanza confesses to knowing about his affair.
- Encouraging him to cancel the wedding, she supports his choice over dishonesty.
- The wedding proceeds as scheduled and Alfredo surrenders to reason.
- Eight years later, Alfredo is sent to work near Julia's hometown.
- Overcome with nostalgia and lust, he finds an excuse to see her.
- Julia is still single, leading Alfredo to dream of a new life with her.
- He realizes their situation has changed and Julia is not the same.
Where is my May? by Fernando Ma. Guerrero
- The poet is known as "The Poet of the Revolution."
- The poem laments a time of happiness, past and gone.
- The speaker feels lost and searches for a time of joy, referencing someone named "May."
- It suggests a time of bloom and beauty that is no longer present.
To Rizal by Cecilio Apostol
- A tribute to the Filipino national hero, Jose Rizal.
- Rizal is described as a great hero, emerging from the grave and remembered with love.
- The poem calls for Rizal to come back and witness the love and respect he continues to inspire.
- It compares Rizal's spirit to the strength of a nation.
- Recognizing Rizal's sacrifice, it emphasizes the ultimate triumph over oppression.
Footnote to Youth by Jose Garcia Villa
- Centers around Dodong, a 17-year-old eager to marry Teang.
- He believes he is ready for independence and adulthood, despite his young age.
- Dodong marries Teang against his father's advice.
- He learns the burden of early marriage and the responsibility of raising children.
- Dodong experiences regret as he witnesses the hardships of family life he wasn't prepared for.
The Rural Maid by Fernando Maramag
- A love poem expressing the speaker's longing for a "sweet maid."
- He describes a painful regret for a lost love and his enduring dreams of her.
- Emphasizes the mystery and longing for love in life.
Small Key by Paz Latorena
- Explores themes of trust, insecurity, and emotional conflict within marriage.
- Pedro, a farmer, gives Soledad, his young wife, two keys: one for a large trunk, one for a smaller one.
- Soledad is curious about the small key and the contents of the smaller trunk.
- She finds clothes belonging to Pedro's deceased first wife, triggering insecurity and jealousy.
- This discovery makes Soledad feel inadequate and doubtful about her marriage.
- Pedro notices Soledad's upset but doesn't understand it at first.
- Soledad struggles to suppress her emotions and deal with the emotional weight of Pedro's past.
- Tension remains unresolved between the couple.
Rain by M. De Garcia Concepcion
- A short poem depicting the beauty and renewal after a rainstorm.
- Sensual imagery evokes the fresh smells and luminous space after the rain.
- It conveys a sense of rebirth and cleansing.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
