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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of the DNS server on the Internet?
How many total hosts are allowed in Class B IP addresses according to the provided information?
What is the total number of IP addresses in IPv4 as mentioned in the text?
Which organization manages and governs IP address distribution globally?
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Which regional registry covers the North America and few Caribbean countries for IP address distribution?
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In which non-class IP range would multicast be reserved according to the text?
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What role does the DNS server play in the internet infrastructure?
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Where are the major 13 root name servers located in the world?
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a public DNS server mentioned in the text?
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What is the function of IANA in the context of IP addresses?
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What is the purpose of converting domain names into IP addresses in the internet infrastructure?
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How many countries around the world have many hundreds of DNS servers located within them?
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What is the purpose of an IP address in the Internet?
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Which software infrastructure is responsible for translating domain names to IP addresses?
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What is the function of the DNS Server in the Internet?
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How many bits make up an IP address?
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Which protocol uses the IP address for routing purposes?
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What is the primary role of an IP address in the Internet infrastructure?
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Study Notes
IP Address
- IP addresses are written in dotted notation, which is converted to dotted decimal notation (e.g., 123.123.123.123).
- Every port connected to the Internet has a unique IP address.
- There are two versions of IP addresses: IPv4 and IPv6.
- IPv4 has a total of 4,294,967,296 (232) possible addresses.
- IPv6 was introduced to extend the number of IP addresses for future growth.
IPv4 Address Classes
- Class A: 1.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.254, with 16 million hosts on 127 networks each.
- Class B: 128.1.0.1 to 191.255.255.254, with 65,000 hosts on 16,000 networks each.
- Class C: 192.0.1.1 to 223.255.254.254, with 254 hosts on 2 million networks each.
- Class D: 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255, reserved for multicasting.
IP Address Management
- IP addresses are managed and governed by the International Assigned Number Authority (IANA).
- Regional registries or authorities for IP distribution include:
- APNIC (Asia-Pacific region)
- AFRINIC (Africa region)
- ARIN (North America and some Caribbean countries)
- LACNIC (Latin America and some Caribbean countries)
DNS Server
- DNS (Domain Name System) is a type of server that converts domain names to IP addresses.
- DNS is also known as a domain name resolution server or URL (Uniform Resource Locator).
- DNS servers are used to route data packets between hosts, routers, and DNS servers.
- DNS servers are linked to 13 root name servers, located in the United States, Stockholm, Tokyo, and Amsterdam.
DNS Server Hierarchy
- DNS servers convert domain names to IP addresses.
- DNS servers are responsible for routing at the backend.
- Many public DNS servers are available, including Google DNS, OpenNIC, Cloudflare, and Verizon.
Internet Software Infrastructure
- Every hardware component of the Internet uses unique software to perform specific tasks.
- Routers have their own OS for routing, route calculation, filters, and other activities.
- Switches have their own system software for their respective duties.
- Servers have their own software applications that run on their OS to cater to client requests.
Internet Software Infrastructure and Protocols
- Major software infrastructures and protocols used in the Internet include:
- IP Address
- DNS Server
- TCP/IP Protocol
- HTTP
- World Wide Web (WWW)
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Description
Test your knowledge on IP address notations, including dotted and decimal notations, as well as the differences between IPv4 and IPv6 versions. Learn about the unique addresses assigned to each device on the Internet.
