18 Questions
What is the purpose of the DNS server on the Internet?
To convert domain names into IP addresses
How many total hosts are allowed in Class B IP addresses according to the provided information?
65,000
What is the total number of IP addresses in IPv4 as mentioned in the text?
4,294,967,296
Which organization manages and governs IP address distribution globally?
IANA
Which regional registry covers the North America and few Caribbean countries for IP address distribution?
ARIN
In which non-class IP range would multicast be reserved according to the text?
224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
What role does the DNS server play in the internet infrastructure?
Translating domain names into IP addresses
Where are the major 13 root name servers located in the world?
United States (10), Stockholm (1), Tokyo (1), and Amsterdam (1)
Which of the following is NOT an example of a public DNS server mentioned in the text?
Microsoft DNS
What is the function of IANA in the context of IP addresses?
Assigning IP addresses globally
What is the purpose of converting domain names into IP addresses in the internet infrastructure?
To facilitate routing data packets
How many countries around the world have many hundreds of DNS servers located within them?
Many countries
What is the purpose of an IP address in the Internet?
To provide a logical address for routing
Which software infrastructure is responsible for translating domain names to IP addresses?
DNS Server
What is the function of the DNS Server in the Internet?
Translate domain names to IP addresses
How many bits make up an IP address?
32 bits
Which protocol uses the IP address for routing purposes?
TCP/IP Protocol
What is the primary role of an IP address in the Internet infrastructure?
Routing data packets
Study Notes
IP Address
- IP addresses are written in dotted notation, which is converted to dotted decimal notation (e.g., 123.123.123.123).
- Every port connected to the Internet has a unique IP address.
- There are two versions of IP addresses: IPv4 and IPv6.
- IPv4 has a total of 4,294,967,296 (232) possible addresses.
- IPv6 was introduced to extend the number of IP addresses for future growth.
IPv4 Address Classes
- Class A: 1.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.254, with 16 million hosts on 127 networks each.
- Class B: 128.1.0.1 to 191.255.255.254, with 65,000 hosts on 16,000 networks each.
- Class C: 192.0.1.1 to 223.255.254.254, with 254 hosts on 2 million networks each.
- Class D: 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255, reserved for multicasting.
IP Address Management
- IP addresses are managed and governed by the International Assigned Number Authority (IANA).
- Regional registries or authorities for IP distribution include:
- APNIC (Asia-Pacific region)
- AFRINIC (Africa region)
- ARIN (North America and some Caribbean countries)
- LACNIC (Latin America and some Caribbean countries)
DNS Server
- DNS (Domain Name System) is a type of server that converts domain names to IP addresses.
- DNS is also known as a domain name resolution server or URL (Uniform Resource Locator).
- DNS servers are used to route data packets between hosts, routers, and DNS servers.
- DNS servers are linked to 13 root name servers, located in the United States, Stockholm, Tokyo, and Amsterdam.
DNS Server Hierarchy
- DNS servers convert domain names to IP addresses.
- DNS servers are responsible for routing at the backend.
- Many public DNS servers are available, including Google DNS, OpenNIC, Cloudflare, and Verizon.
Internet Software Infrastructure
- Every hardware component of the Internet uses unique software to perform specific tasks.
- Routers have their own OS for routing, route calculation, filters, and other activities.
- Switches have their own system software for their respective duties.
- Servers have their own software applications that run on their OS to cater to client requests.
Internet Software Infrastructure and Protocols
- Major software infrastructures and protocols used in the Internet include:
- IP Address
- DNS Server
- TCP/IP Protocol
- HTTP
- World Wide Web (WWW)
Test your knowledge on IP address notations, including dotted and decimal notations, as well as the differences between IPv4 and IPv6 versions. Learn about the unique addresses assigned to each device on the Internet.
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