IP Address and IPv4 Quiz

DNS and IP Addresses

• The primary function of a DNS server is to resolve domain names to IP addresses.
• An IP network address can be determined by performing a logical AND operation on the IPv4 address and subnet mask.

CIDR Notation

• The equivalent CIDR value for the subnet mask 255.255.240.0 is /20.

Data Link Layer

• When the Network layer settings indicate that the source and destination computers are on different networks, the Data Link layer uses the MAC address of the default gateway as the destination MAC address and the MAC address of the source computer as the source MAC address.

IP Addresses

• Each networked computer requires an IP address to communicate with other devices on a network.
• An IPv4 address is a 32-bit address represented in dotted decimal notation, consisting of four numbers separated by dots (e.g., 192.0.2.1).
• The three mandatory IP settings required to access remote web sites are:
  • IP address
  • Subnet mask
  • Default gateway

Private IP Addresses

• The first IP addresses of the three Private IP address ranges are:
  • 10.0.0.0 (RFC 1918)
  • 172.16.0.0 (RFC 1918)
  • 192.168.0.0 (RFC 1918)
• Machines on a Private network use NAT (Network Address Translation) to communicate with Internet hosts, where one public address is used to represent multiple private addresses.

Routers

• The role of a Network router is to forward packets between networks.
• The interface entry in the routing table contains the interface through which the packet will be forwarded.
• The Next Hop entry in the routing table contains the IP address of the next router to which the packet will be forwarded.

Routing Protocols

• Routing protocols are required to dynamically update routing tables and ensure efficient routing of packets.

IP Header

• The IP header contains fields such as:
  • Version
  • Header length
  • Service type
  • Total length
  • Identification
  • Flags
  • Fragment offset
  • Time to live
  • Protocol
  • Header checksum
  • Source IP address
  • Destination IP address

IPv6

• An IPv6 address is 128 bits long, represented in hexadecimal notation, and separated by colons (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334).

DNS Resolution

• If a local DNS server cannot resolve an IP address query locally, it sends the request to a recursive DNS server or a DNS forwarder to fulfill the request.

IP Address Ranges

• The Federation Universities IP address range is not specified, but it is likely a custom range assigned to the organization.