80 Questions
What are the three types of information an individual considers when making an attribution according to the text?
Consensus, Distinctive information, and Consistency
In the context of attribution, what does Consensus refer to?
How other people in the same situation behave
If an individual consistently performs a specific behavior with a similar stimulus but in different situations, what type of attribution might observers make?
Internal attribution
What does the Three-Dimensional Model of Attribution suggest about an individual's attributions and perceptions?
They determine the amount of effort put forth in similar situations in the future
Which model suggests that positive feelings and high expectations of future success lead to increased willingness to approach similar tasks?
Three-Dimensional Model of Attribution
Which component of attributions in the text refers to the extent to which a cause is able or unable to be controlled?
Controllability
In the context of locus of control, how does an individual with an internal locus of control view the world?
As capable of influencing what happens to them
What aspect of attributions refers to whether a cause is stable (lasting) or unstable (changeable) over time?
Stability
Which cultural factor values conformity, mutual support, and interdependence?
Collectivist cultures
In attribution models, what does the term 'LSC' stand for?
Locus of Stability Controllability
Which attribution bias involves attributing internal factors for success and external factors for failure?
Self-serving bias
What does the actor-observer discrepancy refer to?
Attributing external factors for one's own behavior
Which attribution error involves over-valuing internal explanations and under-valuing external explanations for someone else's behavior?
Fundamental attribution error
In social psychology, what do internal attributions emphasize?
Personality-based explanations
What is the main difference between the covariation model and the actor-observer bias?
Consideration of multiple observations over time
What is the main difference between internal and external attributions?
Internal attributions emphasize personality-based explanations, while external attributions emphasize situational factors.
When a person aces a test, what might be an external attribution for the outcome?
The person must have received extra help before the test.
Which model states that people attribute behavior to factors that co-vary with that behavior?
Covariation model
According to the covariation model, how do people make causal attributions?
By assigning the cause of an action to the factor most closely associated with it.
What does the covariation principle assume about how people make causal attributions?
They assign causes in a rational and logical fashion.
When applying the covariation model to attribution, what do internal attributions focus on?
Global causes
What type of attribution is likely to be made by someone with a pessimistic explanatory style towards a negative event?
Internal, global, stable
In interpersonal attribution, what is the common tendency when explaining negative situations?
Attributing it to the other person
Which type of attribution is predominant in the just-world hypothesis?
Internal attribution
How does an optimistic explanatory style differ in attributing positive and negative events?
Positive events are attributed to global causes while negative events are attributed to specific causes
What do attribution theories explore?
How individuals explain the causes of behaviors
According to attribution theory, what are attributions classified as?
Situational and dispositional
What is the covariation model used for in attribution theory?
Explaining behavior based on the consistency, distinctiveness, and consensus cues present
In attribution theory, what influences whether an attribution is internal or external?
The characteristics of the person being observed
How do implicit personality theories relate to attribution in social psychology?
They act as mental shortcuts in perceiving others, but may not always be accurate
In social psychology, what does the term 'social perception' refer to?
Forming impressions of other people and understanding their intentions
Which of the following is NOT a key concept in Social Psychology as mentioned in the text?
Persuasion
When an individual attributes another person's behavior to their personality or disposition rather than situational factors, it is known as:
Internal Attribution
Which bias involves attributing one's successes to internal factors while blaming failures on external factors?
Self-Serving Bias
What does the Actor-Observer Discrepancy in attribution suggest?
Actors tend to attribute others' behaviors to external factors while attributing their own behaviors to internal factors
Which model proposes that an individual's attributions depend on three types of information: consistency, distinctiveness, and consensus?
Covariation Model
'Person perception' in social psychology refers to:
'Reading' the motives and characteristics of others based on preconceived notions
What is the main difference between internal and external attributions?
Internal attributions focus on individual traits, while external attributions focus on situational factors
'Consensus' in the context of attribution refers to:
'Agreeing' with others' interpretations of a situation or behavior
'Fundamental Attribution Error' in social psychology refers to:
'Overestimating' the influence of personal characteristics on others' actions
What does an individual with an external locus of control in attribution theory believe?
They perceive the world as happening to people, outside of their control.
In the context of attributions, what does stability refer to?
Whether an attribution is lasting or changeable over time.
What is a key aspect of attributions under the LSC model?
Controllability
How do internal attributions differ from external attributions in social psychology?
Internal attributions see individuals as active participants in the world.
Which component of attribution models focuses on whether a cause is controllable or uncontrollable?
Controllability
When applying the covariation model to attribution, what do external attributions focus on?
How other people in the same situation behave
In attribution theory, what aspect of behavior does distinctiveness refer to?
How the individual responds to different stimuli
Which factor plays a crucial role in determining whether an attribution is internal or external according to attribution models?
How other people in the same situation behave
If an individual consistently behaves in a certain way with similar stimuli but in different situations, what type of attribution might observers make?
Internal attribution
What does the covariation model suggest about determining causal attributions?
Internal attributions are more likely when consistency is high and distinctiveness is low.
What does the covariation model of attribution emphasize?
The factors that co-vary with behavior
In the context of attribution, what is a common example of an external attribution?
Considering extra help before a test as a cause of success
How do internal attributions differ from external attributions?
Internal attributions focus on personality traits, while external attributions focus on situational factors
Which type of attribution is more likely according to the covariation model when a behavior is consistent across different situations?
Internal attribution
What is the main principle behind the covariation model of attribution?
Causal attributions are based on factors that co-vary with behavior
What does the fundamental attribution error describe?
The tendency to over-value internal explanations and under-value external explanations for another person's behavior.
What is the actor-observer discrepancy in attributions about?
Explaining our own behavior using internal attributions and others' behavior using external attributions.
What type of attribution is more common in the just-world hypothesis?
Internal attributions
How do people make causal attributions according to the covariation model?
By focusing on consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency information.
What aspect does the self-serving bias in attribution refer to?
Attributing success to internal causes and failure to external causes.
When using the covariation model in attribution theory, what do external attributions focus on?
Distinctiveness of the cause from other causes
Which component of internal attributions in social psychology focuses on the belief that the cause is something within the person?
Globality
In attribution models, what does the term 'LSI' typically refer to?
Local, Stable, Internal causes
When applying the covariation model to attribution, what aspect do external attributions focus on?
The specific situation at hand
Which type of attributions are more likely to be made according to the just-world hypothesis?
Internal attributions
What type of attributions do individuals make when they explain the causes of their own and others' behaviors, according to attribution theory?
Internal and external attributions
In the context of attribution models, what does the term 'consensus' refer to?
The extent to which different people agree about the behavior being observed
According to the covariation model, what three types of information do people use to make causal attributions?
Consistency, distinctiveness, consensus
What distinguishes internal attributions from external attributions in attribution theory?
Internal attributions relate to stable traits, while external attributions are situational.
How does the covariation model aid in making causal attributions?
By considering consistency, distinctiveness, and consensus.
What does social perception in social psychology primarily involve?
Forming judgments and drawing conclusions about others
According to attribution theories, what is the main focus when individuals are making attributions?
The causes of behavior, whether internal or external
When applying the covariation model to attributions, what do external attributions focus on?
Distinctiveness of the behavior in specific situations
In the context of attribution models, what does consensus refer to?
The agreement among observers about a person's behavior
Which term best describes attributing someone's behavior to their personality rather than situational factors?
Fundamental attribution error
In social psychology, what aspect of attributions focuses on whether a cause is stable or unstable over time?
Stability dimension
'LSC' in attribution models stands for:
'Locomotion, Stability, Consensus'
'Person perception' in social psychology primarily refers to:
Forming judgments and conclusions about others
'Actor-Observer Discrepancy' in attribution theory suggests that:
Actors tend to attribute behavior internally while observers focus externally
'Internal attributions' in social psychology primarily emphasize:
'Personality traits' as a cause of behavior
Learn about internal and external attributions and their differences through examples. Explore how internal attributions focus on personality traits, while external attributions emphasize situational factors.
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