Understanding Immunity and Immune Responses

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What is the main function of the immune system?

Protecting multicellular organisms (correct)

Neutralizing antibodies

Forming memory cells

Producing antigens

How are effector responses different from memory responses in the immune system?

Effector responses form memory cells

Effector responses eliminate invaders (correct)

Memory responses neutralize invaders

Memory responses are rapid

What is the role of memory cells in the immune system?

Remaining dormant until a second encounter with antigen (correct)

Recognizing self-components

Producing antibodies

Rapidly responding to new antigens

How does the immune system differentiate between foreign invaders and host cells?

Based on molecular patterns Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of plasma cells in the immune system?

Producing antibodies for defense Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antigen binds specifically to antibodies?

Haptens Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Heterophils antigens?

Identical antigens in unrelated organisms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a Hapten?

Benzylpenicillic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of Isoantigens?

Blood group antigens Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antigen has a molecular weight of less than 10,000?

Drug - Benzylpenicillic acid Signup and view all the answers

Why does a homopolymer polypeptide chain fail to induce an immune response?

Due to its chemical composition and heterogeneity Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing the Immunogenicity of an antigen?

Molecular Weight Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of INNATE IMMUNITY as described in the text?

Non-specificity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity relies on humoral/circulating mechanisms?

Adaptive Immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used in the text to describe 'a state of unresponsiveness towards self antigens'?

Immunotolerance Signup and view all the answers

Why do substances with a molecular weight around 100000 Daltons show the best immunogenicity?

Their large size helps in identification and phagocytosis by APCs Signup and view all the answers

Why do synthetic lysine and glutamic acid co-polymers seem to be less immunogenic compared to when tyrosine is added?

The addition of other amino acids increases complexity Signup and view all the answers

How do proteins like insulin and histone with low molecular weight fail to produce proper immunological responses?

They lack hidden epitopes for immune response Signup and view all the answers

Why are antigens from related species less antigenic than those from unrelated species?

They lack foreignness Signup and view all the answers

What role does antigen presentation to T helper cells through Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) play in immune responses?

It is crucial for both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses Signup and view all the answers