Understanding ICT and Web Technologies

• ICT means Information and Communication Technology.
• ICT uses technologies like mobile phones, laptops, and the Internet.
• ICT is used to locate, save, send, and edit information.

ICT Composition

• A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information or data.
• Computers can store, retrieve, and process data.
• The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks using TCP/IP to link devices.
• The World Wide Web (WWW) was invented by Tim-Berners Lee.
• The WWW allows document connection via hypertext links.
• Web pages are hypertext documents connected to the WWW.
• Web sites are locations on the Internet that maintain web pages.
• A web browser displays a web page on a monitor or mobile device.
• Web 1.0 pages are static and non-interactive.

Features of Web 2.0

• Web 2.0 is the evolution of Web 1.0 featuring dynamic web pages.
• Folksonomy allows users to categorize information using tagging.
• Rich User Experience means content is dynamic and responds to user input.
• User Participation means website owners aren't the only ones who can add content.
• Long Tail sites offer services for selling various goods, like Lazada and Shopee.
• Software as a Service allows users to subscribe to software when needed.
• Mass Participation enables diverse information sharing through universal web access.
• Web 3.0, or the Semantic Web, aims for machines to understand user preferences.

Trends in ICT

• Convergence is the combination of two or more technologies.
• Social media enables users to create, co-create, modify, and exchange content.

Types of Social Media

• Social Networks connect people with similar interests.
• Bookmarking Sites allow users to store and manage website links and resources.
• Social News sites allow users to post news items or links.
• Media Sites allow sharing of media content.
• Microblogging focuses on short updates from users.
• Blogs & Forums allow user content posting.
• Assistive Media is a nonprofit service for people with visual and reading impairments.
• Mobile Technologies, and especially smartphones and tablets, have increased in popularity.

Mobile Operating Systems

• iOS is used in Apple devices.
• Android is an open-source operating system by Google.
• Blackberry OS is used in Blackberry devices.
• Windows Phone OS is a closed-source OS from Microsoft.
• Symbian was the original smartphone OS used by Nokia.
• WebOS was originally for phones, but now for smartTVs.
• Windows Mobile was created by Microsoft for smartphones and pocket PCs.

Rules of Netiquette

• Remember the Human: Treat people online with respect.
• Adhere to the same standards online as in real life.
• Know where you are in cyberspace - Be aware of online community and platform.
• Respect other people's time and bandwidth.
• Make yourself look good online with professional interactions.
• Share expert knowledge to help others.
• Help keep flame wars under control by discouraging hostility.
• Respect other people's privacy.
• Do not abuse your power online.
• Be forgiving of other people's mistakes.

Malware

• Malware also known as "malicious software".
• It is intrusive software intending to steal data and damage computer systems.
• Spyware runs in the background and monitors computer use.
• Keyloggers record every keystroke.
• Adware is designed to send advertisements.
• Worms transfer from one computer to another.
• Trojans are disguised as useful programs that leave PCs unprotected.
• Viruses replicate themselves and transfer to other computers.

Search Engines

• Search engines search the Internet for documents related to keywords.
• Crawler-based search engines dig through web pages and add them to a database.
• Directories depend on human editors to create listings.
• Hybrid search engines use both crawler-based searches and directories.

Image Formats and Layout

• JPEG does not support transparency or animation (.jpeg or .jpg).
• GIF supports transparency and animation (.gif).
• PNG supports transparency but not animation (.png).
• Layout deals with the arrangement of visual elements on a page.

Principles of Graphics and Layout

• Balance evenly distributes visual weight of objects, texture, colors, and space.
• Emphasis uses differences in size, texture, shape, or color to attract attention.
• Movement uses visual elements to guide the viewer's eyes.
• Pattern builds familiarity and organizes design.
• Repetition makes design aware and brings consistency.
• Proportion conveys stability through scaling.
• Harmony brings elements closer together.
• Contrast highlights differences.
• Variety adds flavor to the design.

Image Manipulation Techniques

• Cropping removes distracting elements.
• Compression & Resizing affects file size.
• Removing the Color desaturates an image.
• Filters create effects like sketches or neon colors.
• Brightness & Contrast edits the image's lightness.
• Combining Text, Graphics, and Images adds multiple elements to the layout.
• Changing the Background makes the image stand out.
• Color Balance adjusts the tone of light.
• Cloning duplicates parts of an image.