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Understanding Hypoxemia: Causes and Manifestations

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Understanding Hypoxemia: Causes and Manifestations

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of hypoxemia?

Partial pressure of oxygen of less than 80 mm Hg (correct)

Arterial blood hemoglobin saturation of less than 90%

Arterial blood hemoglobin saturation of less than 95%

Partial pressure of oxygen of less than 60 mm Hg

When is cyanosis manifested as a sign of hypoxemia?

Always a late sign of severe hypoxemia (correct)

Mid-stage sign of moderate hypoxemia

Never a sign of hypoxemia

Early sign of mild hypoxemia

Which condition is NOT a cause of venous admixture in hypoxemia?

Small airway and alveolar collapse (atelectasis)

Low ventilation-perfusion regions

Pulmonary embolism (correct)

Diffusion defects

What is the definition of serious, potentially life-threatening hypoxemia?

Partial pressure of oxygen of less than 60 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

What happens to plasma PO2 when there is interference with the respiratory membrane?

Decreases Signup and view all the answers

Which is often used as a surrogate marker of PaO2?

SaO2 Signup and view all the answers

Which parameter is primarily determined by hemoglobin concentration and is not considered to be a marker of hypoxemia?

Venous blood oxygen content Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of PaO2 at sea level?

80-110 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force that leads to oxygen diffusion down to the mitochondria?

Partial pressure of oxygen in the plasma (PO2) Signup and view all the answers

What does the observation of cyanosis commonly signal?

Low tissue oxygenation Signup and view all the answers

When does cyanosis manifest as a sign of hypoxemia?

During severe hypoxemia Signup and view all the answers

What are the three causes of hypoxemia?

Low inspired oxygen concentration, hypoventilation, venous admixture Signup and view all the answers

What can pulse oximeters noninvasively, continuously, and automatically monitor?

Hypoxemia Signup and view all the answers

What does SaO2 use to measure hemoglobin saturation with oxygen?

Many wavelengths of red to infrared light. Signup and view all the answers