Understanding Human Development in Education

It enables teachers to help students understand and express emotions, as well as reinforce appropriate behaviors.

Maturation provides the biological foundation for development through hereditary influences, while learning modifies behavior based on experience.

Children figure out their place as part of a family, community, and social system while also developing as individuals.

<p>Normative development refers to typical patterns of development, while ideographic development describes individual variations in these patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding physical development helps establish a baseline understanding of a child's motor skills and health, this can help reinforce appropriate behaviors for the child's present level of development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Studying human development improves our understanding of both internal and external factors that influence how a child grows. This leads to better teaching and more effective learning situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical, psychosocial, cognitive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any scholar who seeks to understand the human developmental process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preformationist views might implicitly exist in expectations that children should quickly achieve independence or handle responsibilities beyond their developmental capabilities. Additionally, it might exist in the pressure to accelerate learning through early specialization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because there is no single, universally accepted theory of human development. Each theory offers unique insights, and considering multiple perspectives allows for a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding that can be applied in different contexts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children were expected to quickly integrate into adult roles, starting apprenticeships and learning trade skills at a young age. Education focused on practical skills needed for employment rather than holistic development, and children were treated as laborers rather than individuals requiring specialized care and nurturing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Researchers might face difficulties in comparing results if different studies use varying age ranges or criteria to define developmental phases. This lack of standardization can lead to inconsistencies in findings and complicate the process of synthesizing knowledge across studies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First, childhood is now recognized as a distinct phase of life with unique needs and developmental stages, rather than simply seeing children as miniature adults. Second, there is a greater emphasis on nurturing and protecting children, acknowledging their vulnerability and need for specialized care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wasted effort, unjustified responses to the child, punishment, frustration, and poor grades.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify behavior patterns that have had, and may continue to have, a significant impact on the survival of a species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teaching is most effective when it takes place within the optimal period directed by the child’s maturational schedule. Teaching outside this period may be ineffective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The development of each individual is a unique “experiment” in survival, involving a unique combination of genetic traits confronting the ongoing process of natural selection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vision and hand-eye coordination development. From aimless eye movements at birth to the ability to see and pick up a small object with a pincer grip at 10 months.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Darwin suggested the origin of species did not come from a theological view but from a common ancestor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>“Wired-in” responses to specific forms of stimulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A species survival is dependent on the process where species with adaptive traits are “selected” into the species across generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ethologists study animal species in their natural settings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>After birth – lip &amp; tongue control, eye control, neck, shoulder, arms, hands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The child may give up and become affectionless.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It refers to the child's ability to return to the primary caregiver whenever they feel scared or threatened.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7 to 8 months.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It refers to the desire to be near the primary caregiver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>She created the 'strange situation' study to observe the effects of attachment on behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The child develops a greater understanding of parental intent and can envision the caregiver's behavior while separated, increasing flexibility and willingness to let go.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It assesses attachment styles by observing how children respond to brief separations from and reunions with their mothers, as well as interactions with a stranger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is considered the most 'sensitive' period for humans to form their first vital attachment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensitive and responsive caregiving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abuse and trauma can hinder the development of secure attachment, potentially leading to Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) in severe cases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adoption after 6 months increases the risk of insecure attachment, with the <em>lack</em> of consistent responsive care by a primary caregiver being the key factor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic factors and temperament are also recognized as playing a formative role in attachment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secure attachment by 6 months can lead to good self-esteem, strong romantic relationships, and increased caring behaviors overall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows the student to feel more stable, as the teacher is not contributing to a negative cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CBT helps the child identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors associated with RAD.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RAD is complex and can be easily misunderstood or misdiagnosed, leading to ineffective treatment or further frustration for the child and caregivers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Her basic principle was “follow the child”, allowing children to freely explore and interact with their environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Her medical background, particularly her interest in childhood diseases, led her to seek ways to educate children deemed 'uneducable'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensitive periods are genetically programmed blocks of time when a child is especially able to master certain tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Play therapy helps the child express emotions and build trust through play.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Family therapy improves family dynamics and supports the child’s emotional needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Involves growth of body, brain, senses, motor skills, and health during childhood.

Focuses on emotions, personality, and social relationships throughout childhood.

Involves learning, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.

Typical patterns of development that apply to most individuals.

Individual variations in developmental patterns unique to each person.

Hereditary influences that drive the aging and developmental process.

Changes in behavior as a result of experiences encountered.

A scholar researching human developmental processes, including psychologists and educators.

Classification of different stages of human growth, often based on age ranges.

The belief that children were miniature adults with full abilities from birth, prevalent from the 6th to 15th century.

The perception of children has evolved over time, recognizing childhood as a distinct phase of life.

In preformationism, children expected to care for themselves at around age 7 and take on adult responsibilities.

The idea that some beliefs from preformationism may still exist subtly in modern society.

Result from inconsistent or lack of sensitive caregiving in infancy.

Explains how attachment styles affect behaviors later in life.

Expectations about relationships formed based on early caregiver interactions.

A condition resulting from severe neglect or mistreatment in childhood.

Children securely attached have better self-esteem and relationships.

Therapy helping children change negative thoughts and behaviors.

Therapy utilizing play to express emotions and build trust.

Therapy addressing trauma to promote healing and emotional regulation.

Involves family in therapy to support the child's emotional needs.

Genetically programmed times when children can master tasks easily.

First woman in Italy to qualify as a physician, focused on child development.

Montessori principle suggesting children learn best through exploration.

Montessori's term for children with low intelligence or disabilities.

Developmental pattern where growth progresses from head to toe.

Theory stating that children grow and learn when they are biologically ready.

Gesell opposed teaching children skills ahead of their natural readiness.

Planned advancement in a child's learning based on their development stage.

The increasing ability to use visual input to guide hand movements.

Study of behavior patterns in animals and humans within an evolutionary context.

Species survive through adaptive traits selected over generations.

Innate, automatic responses to specific stimuli.

Children display behaviors in cycles, such as temper tantrums at certain ages.

Personalized educational strategies based on a child's readiness and needs.

Distress exhibited by a child when an attachment figure leaves.

Fear or distress that infants display towards unfamiliar individuals around 7-8 months old.

A phase in which a child demonstrates understanding of parental behavior and is more flexible in separation.

The desire of a child to stay near their primary caregiver for safety and comfort.

The ability to return to a primary caregiver in times of fear or distress.

A lasting psychological connection between individuals, akin to emotional bonds.

The critical time frame of 6-9 months to form first important attachments.

Ainsworth's experiment assessing attachment behaviors in infants when separated and reunited with their mothers.