Understanding Hong Kong Legislative Council

Study Notes

Hong Kong Legislature: Understanding the Legislative Council and Its Components

The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) is governed by the "One Country, Two Systems" principle, which includes a unique legislative body known as the Legislative Council (LegCo). This council is the cornerstone of Hong Kong's SAR government, responsible for creating and amending laws, and providing a vital check on the Executive power.

The Legislative Council

The LegCo is a unicameral parliamentary body with 90 members, comprising:

35 members directly elected by geographical constituencies
35 members directly elected by functional constituencies, representing sectors such as business and finance
18 members appointed by the Chief Executive, including 12 members from the Election Committee and 6 at-large members

These members serve a four-year term, but the current council's term was extended to five years due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Electoral System

Direct elections to the LegCo are held using the "first-past-the-post" system, where the candidate with the most votes wins the seat. The functional constituency system, however, is based on the principle of "one industry, one vote," with a small number of people within each industry electing their representatives.

Legislative Process

The legislative process in Hong Kong involves:

Bill proposal: Members propose bills to address policy issues.
First reading: Bills are introduced and debated in the first reading.
Second reading: Bills are debated and voted upon in the second reading.
Committee stage: Bills are examined by specialized committees that may propose amendments.
Third reading: Bills are debated and voted upon in the third reading.
Assent: The Chief Executive gives assent to legislation.

Committees

The LegCo is supported by several standing committees that focus on specific issues and oversee the work of government departments. Some of these committees include:

Finance Committee
Public Accounts Committee
Panel on Economic Development
Panel on Environmental Affairs
Panel on Transport

Functions and Powers

The Legislative Council plays a crucial role in Hong Kong's governance and has numerous functions and powers:

Legislating: The LegCo proposes and amends laws, as well as approves the budget.
Scrutinizing: The LegCo holds the Executive accountable through questioning and oversight of government policies and decisions.
Representing: The LegCo represents the diverse interests of Hong Kong's population, with direct election of members in geographical constituencies.

Conclusion

The Hong Kong Legislative Council is a vital component of the SAR's government, providing a means for the people to participate in the legislative process and ensure good governance. The council plays an important role in representing the diverse interests of Hong Kong and holding the government accountable. As a unicameral body, the LegCo provides a streamlined and efficient legislative system with a focus on creating and amending laws to address the needs and challenges of the region.

Description

Explore the structure, functions, and powers of the Legislative Council (LegCo) in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR). Learn about the electoral system, legislative process, committees, and the crucial role of LegCo in governing Hong Kong.