Questions and Answers
What is the classification of palpable hemorrhage under the skin?
Which condition is associated with thick skin?
Petechiae are characterized by which size?
What is a possible cause of non-palpable hemorrhage under the skin?
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Which condition may lead to pinched skin as a symptom?
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Which nail condition is characterized by a spoon-shaped deformity?
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In which condition might one observe a loss of the outer third of the eyebrows?
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What is a common cause of patchy hair loss?
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Study Notes
Hemorrhage Classification and Causes
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Purpura: Hemorrhage into the skin; further classified into palpable and non-palpable.
- Palpable Purpura: Associated with vasculitis syndromes due to vessel wall inflammation.
- Non-Palpable Purpura: Includes petechiae, small spots of hemorrhage measuring 3 mm.
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Hematoma: A larger hemorrhage causing skin elevation.
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Causes of Hemorrhage under the Skin:
- Deficiency: Vitamin deficiencies, notably scurvy.
- Infection: Conditions such as meningococcal meningitis, subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE), and HIV.
- Hematological Disorders: Includes thrombocytopenia, acute and chronic leukemias, platelet dysfunction, and aplastic anemia.
Skin Types and Their Indications
- Dry Skin: Indicators include myxedema and dehydration.
- Moist Skin: Often seen in shock, myocardial infarction, pneumonia crises, and thyrotoxicosis.
- Thick Skin: Associated with myxedema, acromegaly, and scleroderma.
- Thin Skin: Common in elderly individuals and those with wasting diseases.
- Pinched Skin: Suggestive of dehydration.
Hair Changes and Associated Conditions
- Falling Hair: Common post-infectious fevers, such as typhoid.
- Patchy Hair Loss: Seen in conditions like alopecia areata and syphilis.
- Loss of Outer Third of Eyebrows: Indicative of leprosy and myxedema.
- Absence of Axillary, Pubic, and Facial Hair: Associated with hypopituitarism and hypogonadism.
- Excessive Hair Growth in Women: Observed in Cushing's syndrome and adrenocortical syndrome.
Nail Examination and Findings
- Pallor: Suggestive of systemic issues.
- Koilonychia: Spoon-shaped nail deformity indicating iron deficiency anemia.
- Onychia: Nail deformities resulting from fungal or tuberculous infections.
- Discoloration: Can occur in conditions like Raynaud's disease and poisoning from silver or mercury.
- Clubbing and Cyanosis: Associated with various respiratory and cardiovascular conditions.
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Description
This quiz delves into the classification of hemorrhage under the skin, focusing on types such as purpura and hematoma. You'll explore the causes, including vitamin deficiency and infections. Test your knowledge on the underlying syndromes and their implications.
