Understanding Heat Transfer: Conduction & Convection

Which of the following best describes heat?

Internal energy of a system includes only the kinetic energy of its molecules.

What two factors does internal energy consist of?

________ work is the quantity of energy transferred from one system to another.

Match the following terms with their definitions:

In what direction does spontaneous heat transfer occur?

Which of these statements accurately describes thermodynamic work?

The sum of internal kinetic and potential energy of the molecules is equal to ________ energy.

Which of the following best describes specific heat capacity?

A substance with a low specific heat capacity will experience a smaller temperature change when the same amount of heat is applied, compared to a substance with a high specific heat capacity.

How does the high specific heat capacity of water contribute to the moderation of coastal climates?

Which of the following best describes the process of heat conduction?

The formula to calculate the heat energy (Q) transferred is Q = mcΔT, where 'm' represents ______, 'c' is the specific heat capacity, and 'ΔT' is the change in temperature.

Match the substance with its approximate specific heat capacity (J/kg.°C):

When two systems are in thermal contact, heat always flows from the system with more internal energy, regardless of temperature.

If you apply the same amount of heat to equal masses of copper and aluminum, which will experience a greater temperature increase?

What factors determine the rate of heat flow between two systems in thermal contact?

Why does a city tend to have a higher average temperature than the surrounding countryside at night?

The transfer of heat from one place to another due to the movement of fluid is known as ______.

Match the following heat transfer mechanisms with their mode of transmission:

Explain why land heats up faster than water.

What is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 0.5 kg of water from 20°C to 30°C? (Specific heat capacity of water is 4186 J/kg.°C)

What distinguishes radiation from conduction and convection?

If two objects are in thermal equilibrium, no heat exchange occurs between them.

The temperature of 1 kg of gold will increase more than 1 kg of aluminum when 1000J of energy are added to each

Explain the relationship between internal energy and temperature.

Materials that inhibit heat transfer are known as thermal ______.

In a cylinder containing gas, if heat is supplied to the gas while the internal energy remains constant, what happens to the supplied energy?

Work and heat are both state functions, meaning they only depend on the initial and final states of a system, not the path taken.

How does increasing the average kinetic energy of molecules in a substance affect its temperature?

Aerogel is an extremely good thermal ______.

Cylinder A and Cylinder B have equal volumes and contain the same type and amount of gas. If Cylinder A is at a higher temperature than Cylinder B, which statement is correct?

What happens if work is done on the piston of a cylinder, displacing it upwards?

Why does metal typically feel colder to the touch than wood, even when both are at the same room temperature?

The rate of heat transfer is independent of the properties of the medium through which it travels.

Name three factors to consider when designing a wall for optimal insulation.

Heat transfer by __________ involves the movement of fluids due to temperature differences.

In the context of heat transfer, what primarily determines the rate of energy transfer by convection?

Radiation can only transfer heat through a medium, such as air or water.

Why does closing the cover tightly on boiling water eventually stop the boiling process?

The transfer of heat through direct contact is called __________.

Match each mode of heat transfer with its primary transfer mechanism.

During winter, a person sitting by a fire primarily receives heat through which heat transfer mechanism?

If air were as good a conductor of heat as iron, homes would be much easier to heat and cool efficiently.

What is the key difference between heat capacity and specific heat capacity?

__________ is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius.

Why is water often used in car radiators?

A material with a low specific heat capacity requires more energy to achieve a given temperature change compared to a material with a high specific heat capacity.