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Questions and Answers
What is the leading cause of death in Americans?
What is the leading cause of death in Americans?
- Stroke
- Heart Disease (correct)
- Accidents
- Cancer
The death rate from stroke has increased by 75 percent since the early 1960s.
The death rate from stroke has increased by 75 percent since the early 1960s.
False (B)
What lifestyle changes after World War II contributed to heart disease?
What lifestyle changes after World War II contributed to heart disease?
Sedentary lifestyle and poorer diets.
Cigarettes became popular after their introduction to soldiers during __________.
Cigarettes became popular after their introduction to soldiers during __________.
Match the factors linked to cardiovascular disease with their descriptions:
Match the factors linked to cardiovascular disease with their descriptions:
Which demographic is reported to have the highest risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
Which demographic is reported to have the highest risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
Obesity does not significantly contribute to cardiovascular disease risk.
Obesity does not significantly contribute to cardiovascular disease risk.
What percentage of cardiovascular disease risk is attributed to tobacco use?
What percentage of cardiovascular disease risk is attributed to tobacco use?
Post-menopausal women are at higher risk of __________ disease.
Post-menopausal women are at higher risk of __________ disease.
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor that can be changed?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor that can be changed?
What is the primary recommendation for someone who has not received CPR training?
What is the primary recommendation for someone who has not received CPR training?
A lipoprotein profile can determine if you have low levels of HDL cholesterol.
A lipoprotein profile can determine if you have low levels of HDL cholesterol.
What is the minimum fasting period before a lipoprotein profile test?
What is the minimum fasting period before a lipoprotein profile test?
A ______ occurs in the brain due to a blockage in blood flow.
A ______ occurs in the brain due to a blockage in blood flow.
Match the type of blood test with its purpose:
Match the type of blood test with its purpose:
How often should healthy adults have a lipoprotein profile test done?
How often should healthy adults have a lipoprotein profile test done?
Hypertension is also known as low blood pressure.
Hypertension is also known as low blood pressure.
What blood glucose level indicates diabetes?
What blood glucose level indicates diabetes?
A ______ stroke is caused by a rupture in the arteries of the brain.
A ______ stroke is caused by a rupture in the arteries of the brain.
What is the purpose of an Automated External Defibrillator (AED)?
What is the purpose of an Automated External Defibrillator (AED)?
What is the primary form of heart disease?
What is the primary form of heart disease?
Type 2 diabetes can significantly increase the risk of heart problems.
Type 2 diabetes can significantly increase the risk of heart problems.
What is a common symptom of a heart attack?
What is a common symptom of a heart attack?
A heart attack occurs when an artery becomes ______.
A heart attack occurs when an artery becomes ______.
Match the following cardiovascular diseases with their descriptions:
Match the following cardiovascular diseases with their descriptions:
What should you do if you suspect someone is having a heart attack?
What should you do if you suspect someone is having a heart attack?
You should take someone else's nitroglycerin if you're having a heart attack.
You should take someone else's nitroglycerin if you're having a heart attack.
What is another name for a heart attack?
What is another name for a heart attack?
In case of a heart attack, you may be advised to begin ______ if the person is unconscious.
In case of a heart attack, you may be advised to begin ______ if the person is unconscious.
Which of the following can be correlated to atherosclerosis?
Which of the following can be correlated to atherosclerosis?
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Study Notes
Overview of Heart Disease
- Leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for approximately 425,000 deaths annually.
- Death rate from stroke has declined by about 75% since the early 1960s.
- Lifestyle changes post-World War II (sedentary living, unhealthy diets, and tobacco use) have contributed to increased heart disease.
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
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Age: Higher risk for CVD with advancing age; males at higher risk younger, females post-menopausal.
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Sex: Males generally have a higher risk, while women face increased risk later in life.
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Race: African Americans have the highest risk of CVD.
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Family History: One of the strongest predictors of CVD risk.
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Modifiable Risk Factors:
- Tobacco Use: Accounts for 30% of CVD risk; cessation significantly reduces risk.
- Obesity: Individuals with a BMI over 30 have a higher risk; obesity epidemic threatens progress against heart disease.
- Diet: High saturated fat and cholesterol intake linked to CVD; dietary cholesterol correlates with atherosclerosis.
- Diabetes: Type 2 diabetes is as serious a risk factor as others, often considered a precursory condition to heart attacks.
Types of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Coronary Heart Disease: Main form of heart disease; characterized by blood vessel issues leading to heart attacks.
- Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction): Results from blocked arteries preventing oxygen delivery to the heart; symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, arm/jaw pain.
- Other CVDs: Include stroke, high blood pressure, angina, and rheumatic heart disease.
Response to Heart Attack
- Immediate action is critical; call 911 and do not ignore symptoms for more than five minutes.
- If advised, chew and swallow aspirin unless contraindicated.
- Nitroglycerin may be taken if prescribed before.
- Begin CPR if the person is unconscious; focus on chest compressions at a rate of 100 per minute, bypassing mouth-to-mouth if untrained.
- Use an AED when available.
Diagnostic Tests for CVD Risk
- Lipoprotein Profile: Measures total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides; recommended for healthy adults every five years.
- Blood Pressure Test: Identifies hypertension; should be checked at least every two years.
- Fasting Plasma Glucose: Diagnostic for diabetes; testing should start at age 45 or younger with risk factors, every three years.
Stroke Awareness
- Ischemic Stroke: Caused by a blockage preventing blood flow to the brain.
- Hemorrhagic Stroke: A rupture in cerebral arteries, accounting for 20% of strokes.
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