Understanding Halophiles in Biology

<p>A solution with a lower concentration of solutes than the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A solution that has the same concentration of solutes as the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process where cells lose water in a hypertonic solution, causing the cell membrane to pull away from the cell wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell shrinks due to water loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell swells and may burst due to water influx.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell remains the same size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An antiseptic is a substance that prevents the growth of microorganisms on living tissues. The filter paper disk method involves soaking a small disk of filter paper in the antiseptic, placing it on an agar plate inoculated with bacteria, and measuring the zone of inhibition around the disk after incubation to assess the effectiveness of the antiseptic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antiseptics are used on living tissue to reduce the possibility of infection, whereas disinfectants are used on non-living surfaces to kill microbes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medications that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The kirby ball method.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibiotics are substances produced by microorganisms that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria, while antimicrobics refer to a broader category of compounds that can target various types of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Narrow spectrum antibiotics target specific types of bacteria, while broad spectrum antibiotics act on a wide variety of bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They catalyze reactions inside cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An enzyme that functions outside the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The loss of electrons during a chemical reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fermentation is an anaerobic process that converts sugars into acids, gases, or alcohol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sugar fermentation tests are used to determine whether an organism can ferment specific sugars, producing acid and/or gas. Phenol red acts as a pH indicator that turns yellow in acidic conditions, signifying fermentation. A positive reaction shows a color change to yellow and may produce gas bubbles in the Durham tube.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mixed acid fermentation test is conducted using methyl red broth which contains peptone, glucose, and a pH indicator (methyl red). A positive reaction (red color) indicates a pH less than 4.4 due to the production of mixed acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The butanediol fermentation test uses Voges-Proskauer (VP) broth as media, with reagents such as alpha-naphthol and potassium hydroxide. A positive reaction is indicated by the development of a pink or red color after the addition of reagents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The catalase test detects the presence of catalase enzyme, indicating whether the organism can break down hydrogen peroxide, while the oxidase test checks for cytochrome c oxidase activity, indicating aerobic respiration capability. A positive catalase test produces bubbles, and a positive oxidase test shows a color change on the test strip.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pseudomonas and Neisseria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metabolism is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms that convert food into energy and building blocks for growth, repair, and maintenance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A. Caseinase; B. Urease; C. Amylase; D. Catalase; E. Tryptophanase; F. Lipase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ammonia ; Carbin dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iodine solution and starch agar</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Milk Agar and Caseinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methyl red and glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Voges-Proskauer reagent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tryptone broth and Kovac's reagent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tributyrin agar and Lipase are commonly used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The oxidase test helps identify bacteria based on their ability to produce the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The oxidase test is used for the differentiation of oxidase-positive members of the Neisseria and Pseudomonas from the oxidase-negative members of the family Enterobacteriaceae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates the ability to hydrolyze urea into ammonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cysteine hydrolysis produces hydrogen sulfide, which can be detected in culture media, aiding in the identification of Proteus species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ammonia and phenylpyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They would accumulate hydrogen peroxide and eventually die.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycerol and fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers