Understanding GMOs: Definition and Function

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What is the process through which a new gene is inserted into bacterial DNA at plasmid?

Recombination (correct)

Translation

Transcription

Replication

Which enzyme is used to cut DNA in the process of genetic modification?

Helicase enzyme

Restriction enzyme (correct)

Ligase enzyme

Polymerase enzyme

What is the aim of genetic modification in the context of GM foods?

Reducing the water content of food

Enhancing the color of food

Altering the nutrient content of food (correct)

Increasing the shelf life of food

In the context of GMOs, what is the first step in the process of creating genetically modified organisms?

Identifying the desired trait in a plant Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific shape of restriction enzyme that allows it to move along DNA?

Linear shape Signup and view all the answers

What does DNA ligase do in the process of genetic modification?

Attaches new DNA segment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of genetically modified (GM) foods?

Decreased costs of production Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of biofortification (BF) mentioned in the passage?

To develop stable crops with higher nutrient levels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a genetically modified (GM) product that specifically targets to enrich certain nutrients or substances?

Golden rice Signup and view all the answers

What is the main disadvantage associated with genetically modified organisms (GMOs) mentioned in the passage?

Possible new allergens Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a challenge related to GM foods mentioned in the passage?

Expansion of population Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for developing GM foods with increased nutrient composition and food quality?

To address undernourishment Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit associated with biofortification (BF) through genetic engineering (GE)?

Directed towards accumulation of non-existent target nutrients Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nutrients/substances are specifically targeted for enrichment in some genetically modified (GM) products?

Beta carotene and iron Signup and view all the answers

'Golden Banana' is an example of a genetically modified (GM) product that aims to enrich which specific nutrient?

Vitamin A Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of modifying the chemical composition in food, as mentioned in the passage?

To enrich certain nutrients/substances having high therapeutic & pro-health value Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of stratified or tailored nutrition?

Delivering nutritional intervention/advice suited to a specific group with shared characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What does precision nutrition emphasize?

Delivering nutritional intervention/advice suited to each individual Signup and view all the answers

What does 'SNPs' refer to in the context of personalized meal plate based on genes?

Single Nucleotide polymorphisms present in genes Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'book of life' refer to in the context of genetics?

Genome Signup and view all the answers

What do nucleotides represent in the 'book of life'?

Letters Signup and view all the answers

What does 'spelling mistake' signify in the context of genetics?

Genetic Variation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between SNPs and Indels?

SNPs involve the presence of different nucleotides at homologous positions, while Indels involve insertion or deletion of base pairs in a DNA segment Signup and view all the answers

What is the rationale behind the personalized nutrition approach?

Why two individuals respond to the same diet in a different manner Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of food availability on genetic patterns?

It influences the evolution of lactase persistence trait Signup and view all the answers

What effect does citric acid have on salivary amylase?

It increases salivary amylase production Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of exercise in relation to salivary amylase?

It increases salivary amylase production Signup and view all the answers

Which group has a higher plasma glucose response to starch ingestion according to the first graph?

Low amylase (LA) group Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of understanding genetic differences in carbohydrate metabolism?

To develop practical dietary guidelines based on genes Signup and view all the answers

8

To understand gene-environment interactions in lactase persistence trait Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific impact of amy1 gene copy numbers on carbohydrate response?

Amy1 gene copy numbers influence response to starch ingestion Signup and view all the answers