Genetic Engineering and GMOs Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of genetic engineering?

  • Replication of existing organisms without change
  • Artificial manipulation and modification of DNA (correct)
  • Natural occurrence of DNA mutations
  • Spontaneous generation of new species

Which of the following is NOT a technique used in genetic engineering?

  • Production of medically important products
  • Development of genetically modified organisms
  • Selective breeding of animals (correct)
  • Recombinant DNA technology

What does recombinant DNA technology involve?

  • Separating DNA molecules within the same species
  • Duplicating DNA strands without modification
  • Joining together DNA from different species (correct)
  • Cloning organisms from a single DNA molecule

Which of the following produces genetically modified organisms?

<p>Genetic engineering techniques (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is depicted in Diagram 1 of the content?

<p>Robotic arms manipulating DNA strands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of modern genetic engineering?

<p>Recombinant DNA technology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is known for discovering restriction enzymes?

<p>Werner Arber (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ethical concern is raised regarding new microorganisms created via genetic engineering?

<p>Potential for exploitation through patenting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology?

<p>They cut both the plasmid and human DNA. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a technique used for influencing genetic makeup before genetic engineering?

<p>Gene editing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a potential long-term effect of modified organisms on ecosystems?

<p>Unpredictable ecological consequences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for sealing the fragments of DNA in recombinant DNA technology?

<p>Ligase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main applications of recombinant DNA technology?

<p>Creating new genetic combinations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is CRISPR-Cas9 primarily used for?

<p>Editing DNA sequences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential benefit of using CRISPR technology?

<p>Correcting genetic defects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Genetic Engineering

Altering DNA to change an organism.

Recombinant DNA Technology

Combining DNA from different species.

GMO

Genetically modified organism

Genetic engineering techniques

Methods to produce medicines and modified organisms.

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DNA manipulation

Altering DNA in organisms to change traits or properties.

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Restriction enzymes

Special proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences, acting like molecular scissors.

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Type II restriction enzymes

A specific type of restriction enzyme that cuts DNA at a very precise location, crucial for genetic engineering.

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Recombinant DNA

DNA created by combining genetic material from different sources, often different species.

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Patenting GMOs

The legal act of owning the rights to a genetically modified organism, potentially leading to exploitation for profit.

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Ecosystem impact of GMOs

The potential long-term effects of genetically modified organisms on natural environments, as they may disrupt natural balance.

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Sticky ends

Short, single-stranded overhangs on DNA fragments created by restriction enzymes. They allow for complementary base pairing and joining.

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DNA ligase

An enzyme that seals the gaps between DNA fragments, creating a continuous DNA molecule.

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How does CRISPR-Cas9 work?

CRISPR-Cas9 uses a guide RNA to locate a specific DNA sequence. The Cas9 enzyme then cuts the DNA at that location, allowing for gene editing.

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Study Notes

Genetic Engineering and GMO's

  • Genetic engineering is the artificial manipulation and recombination of DNA or other nucleic acids to modify an organism or population.
  • It's a general term for various methods of recombinant DNA technology, involving the joining of DNA molecules from different species.
  • Techniques in genetic engineering include the production of medically important products and the development of genetically modified organisms.

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