Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of a company engaging in 'reshoring'?
What is the primary focus of a company engaging in 'reshoring'?
- Focusing exclusively on exporting goods to international markets.
- Outsourcing production to multiple countries to diversify risk.
- Establishing new markets in developing countries.
- Moving manufacturing and jobs back to its home country. (correct)
Which of the following is an example of a non-tariff barrier to trade?
Which of the following is an example of a non-tariff barrier to trade?
- A tax imposed by a government on imported goods.
- A limit on the quantity of a good that can be imported. (correct)
- A reduction in export subsidies for domestic producers.
- A standardization of currency exchange rates between countries.
Why might a company choose to establish a joint venture when entering a foreign market?
Why might a company choose to establish a joint venture when entering a foreign market?
- To maintain complete control over all aspects of the foreign operation.
- To bypass international trade regulations and tariffs.
- To avoid any financial risk associated with foreign investment.
- To gain access to local knowledge and share investment risks. (correct)
What is a key characteristic of a 'high-context' culture regarding business communication?
What is a key characteristic of a 'high-context' culture regarding business communication?
What is the primary goal of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?
What is the primary goal of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?
Which cultural dimension reflects the degree to which a society values assertiveness and materialism?
Which cultural dimension reflects the degree to which a society values assertiveness and materialism?
What is the likely result of a country's high score in Hofstede's 'uncertainty avoidance' dimension?
What is the likely result of a country's high score in Hofstede's 'uncertainty avoidance' dimension?
What is a significant challenge associated with international franchising?
What is a significant challenge associated with international franchising?
What is a key characteristic that firms seeking a joint venture partner should look for?
What is a key characteristic that firms seeking a joint venture partner should look for?
Which action best illustrates the concept of 'global sourcing'?
Which action best illustrates the concept of 'global sourcing'?
What is a likely outcome of a country with a high-power distance culture?
What is a likely outcome of a country with a high-power distance culture?
What is the main risk associated with licensing agreements in international business?
What is the main risk associated with licensing agreements in international business?
What is 'political risk' in the context of international business?
What is 'political risk' in the context of international business?
Which strategy represents the highest level of involvement in international operations?
Which strategy represents the highest level of involvement in international operations?
A company adhering to 'economic development' in its global strategy would likely:
A company adhering to 'economic development' in its global strategy would likely:
What is the main goal of regional economic alliances like NAFTA/USMCA and the EU?
What is the main goal of regional economic alliances like NAFTA/USMCA and the EU?
How does a 'transnational corporation' differ from a 'global corporation'?
How does a 'transnational corporation' differ from a 'global corporation'?
What is a common criticism leveled against global corporations by home-country governments?
What is a common criticism leveled against global corporations by home-country governments?
What does the Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act (CFPOA) prohibit?
What does the Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act (CFPOA) prohibit?
Why is tracing responsibly sourced minerals complex for electronics manufacturers?
Why is tracing responsibly sourced minerals complex for electronics manufacturers?
What is 'culture shock'?
What is 'culture shock'?
What does it mean to be 'ethnocentric'?
What does it mean to be 'ethnocentric'?
What is 'cultural intelligence' (CQ)?
What is 'cultural intelligence' (CQ)?
In 'low-context' cultures, how does communication primarily take place?
In 'low-context' cultures, how does communication primarily take place?
What is 'proxemics'?
What is 'proxemics'?
In a 'tight' culture, what is expected of its members?
In a 'tight' culture, what is expected of its members?
What is the 'ecological fallacy' in the context of cultural studies?
What is the 'ecological fallacy' in the context of cultural studies?
How does a monochronic culture typically approach time management?
How does a monochronic culture typically approach time management?
Which of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions reflects the degree to which a society is comfortable with risk and change?
Which of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions reflects the degree to which a society is comfortable with risk and change?
What ethical issue is exemplified by the collapse of the Rana Plaza in Bangladesh?
What ethical issue is exemplified by the collapse of the Rana Plaza in Bangladesh?
What is the term for foreign direct investment (FDI) that leads to job creation in the host country?
What is the term for foreign direct investment (FDI) that leads to job creation in the host country?
What is one potential negative of NAFTA/USMCA?
What is one potential negative of NAFTA/USMCA?
What is the purpose of the Dodd-Frank Act regarding conflict minerals?
What is the purpose of the Dodd-Frank Act regarding conflict minerals?
Which of the following is the most accurate example of culture shock?
Which of the following is the most accurate example of culture shock?
Which of the following is a good example of a company enacting ethical global development practices?
Which of the following is a good example of a company enacting ethical global development practices?
What is the primary reason that Starbucks pursued legal action against Xingbake, a company in China?
What is the primary reason that Starbucks pursued legal action against Xingbake, a company in China?
What is one way a foreign firm might demonstrate that it values its customers when looking for a joint venture partner?
What is one way a foreign firm might demonstrate that it values its customers when looking for a joint venture partner?
What is a reasonable explanation for one of the potential cons of global business?
What is a reasonable explanation for one of the potential cons of global business?
Which of the following is true about monochronic cultures?
Which of the following is true about monochronic cultures?
In the context of international business, what is a key difference between a 'global corporation' and a 'transnational corporation'?
In the context of international business, what is a key difference between a 'global corporation' and a 'transnational corporation'?
Which of the following best describes the concept of 'economic development' as a benefit sought by companies engaging in international business?
Which of the following best describes the concept of 'economic development' as a benefit sought by companies engaging in international business?
A company decides to move its manufacturing operations from overseas back to its home country. What is this business strategy commonly known as?
A company decides to move its manufacturing operations from overseas back to its home country. What is this business strategy commonly known as?
What differentiates a 'joint venture' from a 'strategic alliance' in international business?
What differentiates a 'joint venture' from a 'strategic alliance' in international business?
A company is considering expanding into a new international market. Which market entry strategy provides the least amount of ownership and control?
A company is considering expanding into a new international market. Which market entry strategy provides the least amount of ownership and control?
What is the primary function of the World Trade Organization (WTO) regarding international trade disputes?
What is the primary function of the World Trade Organization (WTO) regarding international trade disputes?
Which factor poses the most significant political risk for a company investing in a foreign country?
Which factor poses the most significant political risk for a company investing in a foreign country?
What is the intended outcome of regional economic alliances like the USMCA (formerly NAFTA)?
What is the intended outcome of regional economic alliances like the USMCA (formerly NAFTA)?
According to Hofstede's cultural dimensions, what characterizes a culture with high 'power distance'?
According to Hofstede's cultural dimensions, what characterizes a culture with high 'power distance'?
In the context of cultural intelligence (CQ), what does 'ethnocentrism' primarily represent?
In the context of cultural intelligence (CQ), what does 'ethnocentrism' primarily represent?
Which statement accurately reflects a key difference between monochronic and polychronic cultures?
Which statement accurately reflects a key difference between monochronic and polychronic cultures?
Considering the concept of 'tight' versus 'loose' cultures, what is a typical characteristic of a 'tight' culture?
Considering the concept of 'tight' versus 'loose' cultures, what is a typical characteristic of a 'tight' culture?
What is the ethical implication of sourcing 'conflict minerals' for electronics manufacturers?
What is the ethical implication of sourcing 'conflict minerals' for electronics manufacturers?
What action would be a violation of the Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act (CFPOA)?
What action would be a violation of the Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act (CFPOA)?
What is one reason why global firms may choose to establish a 'foreign subsidiary' instead of a joint venture?
What is one reason why global firms may choose to establish a 'foreign subsidiary' instead of a joint venture?
How might cultural differences in 'time orientation' affect international business negotiations?
How might cultural differences in 'time orientation' affect international business negotiations?
What is a potential advantage for a host country when a global corporation establishes operations within its borders?
What is a potential advantage for a host country when a global corporation establishes operations within its borders?
What is a primary challenge associated with 'international franchising'?
What is a primary challenge associated with 'international franchising'?
How can global sourcing create ethical challenges for businesses?
How can global sourcing create ethical challenges for businesses?
Which aspect of international business does 'proxemics' primarily address?
Which aspect of international business does 'proxemics' primarily address?
In the context of international management, what is 'culture shock'?
In the context of international management, what is 'culture shock'?
What is a potential negative consequence of MNCs (Multinational Corporations) engaging in corporate tax inversion?
What is a potential negative consequence of MNCs (Multinational Corporations) engaging in corporate tax inversion?
What is a potential con for home-country economies when a global business sends investment capital abroad?
What is a potential con for home-country economies when a global business sends investment capital abroad?
What is a potential con for a host-country when a global corporation fails to respect local customs and laws?
What is a potential con for a host-country when a global corporation fails to respect local customs and laws?
What is generally considered to be a characteristic of a 'high-context' culture?
What is generally considered to be a characteristic of a 'high-context' culture?
How might a company demonstrate cultural intelligence when looking for a joint venture partner?
How might a company demonstrate cultural intelligence when looking for a joint venture partner?
Why is determining if minerals are responsibly sourced a complex issue for many electronics manufacturers?
Why is determining if minerals are responsibly sourced a complex issue for many electronics manufacturers?
When Nobel Peace Prize Winner asks global firms to fight poverty, what is one potential negative impact business can have on developing economies?
When Nobel Peace Prize Winner asks global firms to fight poverty, what is one potential negative impact business can have on developing economies?
If an executive is meeting a contact from a new international market and suffers from 'confusion' upon first contact, what should they do?
If an executive is meeting a contact from a new international market and suffers from 'confusion' upon first contact, what should they do?
What is the primary difference between global sourcing, exporting/importing, and licensing/franchising as ways of pursuing international business?
What is the primary difference between global sourcing, exporting/importing, and licensing/franchising as ways of pursuing international business?
When foreign firms invest in another country, what is a common way to start?
When foreign firms invest in another country, what is a common way to start?
Which action is most likely to happen in businesses from APEC countries?
Which action is most likely to happen in businesses from APEC countries?
What is a common sign of a home-country issue with a global firm?
What is a common sign of a home-country issue with a global firm?
What is one of the most common settings and dynamics of tight and loose cultures that emerge?
What is one of the most common settings and dynamics of tight and loose cultures that emerge?
What is true of the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC)?
What is true of the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC)?
In the context of cultural intelligence, what behavior would show the highest comfort in Benevolence?
In the context of cultural intelligence, what behavior would show the highest comfort in Benevolence?
Global sourcing is a common process that involves:
Global sourcing is a common process that involves:
Why are exports an essential part of the Canadian ecomomy?
Why are exports an essential part of the Canadian ecomomy?
What is the final stage of adjusting to a new culture?
What is the final stage of adjusting to a new culture?
When a multinational company travels into countries where social problems such as poverty, disease, and illiteracy are present, should it find a way to help?
When a multinational company travels into countries where social problems such as poverty, disease, and illiteracy are present, should it find a way to help?
Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies 'economic development' as a goal for global firms?
Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies 'economic development' as a goal for global firms?
A Canadian company is considering expanding into Asia. If they choose a 'joint venture' as their market entry strategy, what would be the most likely characteristic of this arrangement?
A Canadian company is considering expanding into Asia. If they choose a 'joint venture' as their market entry strategy, what would be the most likely characteristic of this arrangement?
A government imposes a tax on goods entering the country. This is an example of:
A government imposes a tax on goods entering the country. This is an example of:
What is a significant potential disadvantage for a host country when a global corporation establishes operations within its borders?
What is a significant potential disadvantage for a host country when a global corporation establishes operations within its borders?
A company is looking to source materials and components from different countries to take advantage of lower costs and specialized skills, what international business entry does this best represent?
A company is looking to source materials and components from different countries to take advantage of lower costs and specialized skills, what international business entry does this best represent?
Why might a company choose to establish a 'foreign subsidiary' instead of a joint venture when entering a new international market?
Why might a company choose to establish a 'foreign subsidiary' instead of a joint venture when entering a new international market?
A Canadian executive offers a government official in another country an expensive gift in exchange for expediting the approval process for a new business permit. Which law might this violate?
A Canadian executive offers a government official in another country an expensive gift in exchange for expediting the approval process for a new business permit. Which law might this violate?
Which of Hofstede's cultural dimensions would most likely explain a company's difficulty in implementing a new, innovative strategy in a country where employees prefer clear rules and procedures?
Which of Hofstede's cultural dimensions would most likely explain a company's difficulty in implementing a new, innovative strategy in a country where employees prefer clear rules and procedures?
A global company discovers that one of its suppliers is employing children in hazardous working conditions. According to the text, what would be an appropriate course of action for the company to take?
A global company discovers that one of its suppliers is employing children in hazardous working conditions. According to the text, what would be an appropriate course of action for the company to take?
In a business negotiation, an executive from a monochronic culture may be most frustrated by:
In a business negotiation, an executive from a monochronic culture may be most frustrated by:
What is the most likely outcome of a company closing a domestic operation in order to move work to lower-cost international providers?
What is the most likely outcome of a company closing a domestic operation in order to move work to lower-cost international providers?
A product is designed in the United States, manufactured in China, and sold in Canada. Which concept does this best demonstrate?
A product is designed in the United States, manufactured in China, and sold in Canada. Which concept does this best demonstrate?
A Canadian company sources timber from a foreign country and sells it to the United States. The company is engaging in:
A Canadian company sources timber from a foreign country and sells it to the United States. The company is engaging in:
When a U.S. company requires its foreign suppliers to meet United States standards to ensure labor and production guidelines are followed, what is this typically called?
When a U.S. company requires its foreign suppliers to meet United States standards to ensure labor and production guidelines are followed, what is this typically called?
What is a key difference between a global corporation and a transnational corporation?
What is a key difference between a global corporation and a transnational corporation?
According to the content, why has Mexico become an increasingly attractive manufacturing destination for Canadian and U.S. firms?
According to the content, why has Mexico become an increasingly attractive manufacturing destination for Canadian and U.S. firms?
An employee feels anxious, uncomfortable, and in need of information and advice after initial interactions with a new culture. According to the stages of adjusting to a new culture, which stage are they most likely in?
An employee feels anxious, uncomfortable, and in need of information and advice after initial interactions with a new culture. According to the stages of adjusting to a new culture, which stage are they most likely in?
In countries participating in the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), what is most likely to happen regarding trade and investment?
In countries participating in the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), what is most likely to happen regarding trade and investment?
What is a potential positive outcome of foreign direct investment (FDI) for the host country?
What is a potential positive outcome of foreign direct investment (FDI) for the host country?
Which of the following actions would be a clear violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)?
Which of the following actions would be a clear violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)?
Flashcards
Globalization
Globalization
The growing interdependence among global economies.
Global Management
Global Management
Managing businesses with interests in multiple countries.
International Business
International Business
For-profit transactions of goods/services across national borders.
Profits (Global Expansion)
Profits (Global Expansion)
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Customers (Global Expansion)
Customers (Global Expansion)
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Suppliers (Global Expansion)
Suppliers (Global Expansion)
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Labour (Global Expansion)
Labour (Global Expansion)
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Capital (Global Expansion)
Capital (Global Expansion)
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Risk (Global Expansion)
Risk (Global Expansion)
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Economic Development
Economic Development
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Global Sourcing
Global Sourcing
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Exporting
Exporting
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Importing
Importing
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Licensing Agreement
Licensing Agreement
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Franchising
Franchising
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
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Insourcing
Insourcing
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Joint Venture
Joint Venture
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Foreign Subsidiary
Foreign Subsidiary
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Greenfield Venture
Greenfield Venture
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Political Risk
Political Risk
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World Trade Organization (WTO)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
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Tariffs
Tariffs
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Non-Tariff Barriers
Non-Tariff Barriers
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Regional Economic Alliance
Regional Economic Alliance
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North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
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Global Corporations
Global Corporations
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Transnational Corporation
Transnational Corporation
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Globalization Gap
Globalization Gap
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Corruption
Corruption
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Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act (CFPOA)
Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act (CFPOA)
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Child Labour
Child Labour
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Sweatshops
Sweatshops
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Conflict Minerals
Conflict Minerals
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Culture
Culture
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Culture Shock
Culture Shock
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Ethnocentrism
Ethnocentrism
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Cultural Intelligence (CQ)
Cultural Intelligence (CQ)
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Low-Context Cultures
Low-Context Cultures
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High-Context Cultures
High-Context Cultures
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Monochronic Cultures
Monochronic Cultures
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Polychronic Cultures
Polychronic Cultures
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Proxemics
Proxemics
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Tight Culture
Tight Culture
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Loose Culture
Loose Culture
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Power Distance
Power Distance
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Individualism-Collectivism
Individualism-Collectivism
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Uncertainty Avoidance
Uncertainty Avoidance
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Masculinity-Femininity
Masculinity-Femininity
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Time Orientation
Time Orientation
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Study Notes
- Globalization is the increasing interdependence of the world's economies.
- Some believe globalization has created a "borderless world", while others think national identities remain strong.
- National leaders balance global economic benefits with local needs.
The Global Economy
- The global economy can be illustrated by the journey of a T-shirt, starting with cotton grown in Texas.
- The cotton is processed and manufactured into T-shirts in China.
- The T-shirts are sold to a U.S. firm, silk-screened, and sold to retail shops.
- Customers donate used T-shirts to charity, which sells them to a recycler.
- The recycler sells them to a vendor in Africa, who distributes them to local markets
Global Management
- Global management involves managing businesses with interests in multiple countries.
- Global firms are seeking global managers who are culturally aware and informed about international issues.
Why Companies Go Global
- Companies go global for profits, customers, suppliers, labor, capital, and to spread risk.
- Economic development is another benefit, where global firms improve local economies in foreign countries.
How Companies Go Global
- International business can be pursued through market-entry strategies or direct investment strategies.
- Market-entry strategies include global sourcing, exporting/importing, licensing, and franchising.
- Direct investment strategies include strategic alliances, joint ventures, and wholly owned subsidiaries.
Global Sourcing
- Global sourcing is purchasing materials, components, or services from around the world for low costs.
- Aircraft parts at Boeing come from a global supply chain for final assembly.
- Services like customer support call centers are set up in countries like the Philippines, or research and development centers in Brazil or Russia.
Exporting and Importing
- Exporting involves selling locally made products in foreign markets.
- Importing involves buying foreign-made products and selling them in domestic markets.
- Exports account for 30% of Canada's GDP.
- Canada is a top exporter in sectors like cosmetics, pet food, and photonic devices.
Licensing and Franchising
- Licensing involves paying a fee for rights to make or sell another company’s products in a specific region.
- Franchising involves buying the rights to use another's name and operating methods in a foreign country.
Joint Ventures and Strategic Alliances
- Foreign direct investment (FDI) involves setting up or buying a business in another country.
- Insourcing is FDI that results in local job creation.
- A joint venture is a co-ownership arrangement where foreign and local partners pool resources, share risks, and operate a new business.
- International joint ventures are global strategic alliances where firms work together for mutual benefit.
Foreign Subsidiaries
- A foreign subsidiary is a local operation completely owned and controlled by a foreign firm.
- They can be built from the ground up (greenfield venture) or established by acquisition.
Global Business Environments
- Legal and political systems differ and pose substantial risks in international business.
- Global firms must abide by local laws.
- Common legal problems involve incorporation practices, contracts, foreign exchange, and intellectual property rights.
- Political risk is the potential loss due to instability and political changes.
- Political-risk analysis is used to forecast disruptive events.
Trade Agreements and Trade Barriers
- The World Trade Organization (WTO) promotes free trade and resolves disputes.
- WTO members give one another most favored nation status.
- Trade barriers include tariffs (taxes on imports) and non-tariff barriers.
- Protectionism gives favorable treatment to domestic businesses.
Regional Economic Alliances
- Regional economic alliances involve nations agreeing to work together for economic gains.
- NAFTA/USMCA created a trade zone between Canada, the United States, and Mexico.
- The European Union (EU) is a regional economic and political alliance, with 27 member countries and a common currency, the euro.
- The Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) promotes free trade and investment in the Pacific region, with 21 member nations.
- The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) promotes economic growth and progress among 10 nations.
- The Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) links 16 countries in trade and economic development efforts.
- The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP11) is a trade agreement between 11 countries.
Global Businesses
- Global corporations (MNEs/MNCs) have extensive international operations.
- Transnational corporations do business globally without being identified with one national home.
Pros and Cons of Global Businesses
- Host countries can benefit from a larger tax base, increased employment, technology transfers, new industries, and development of local resources.
- Host countries can suffer from excessive profits taken by global corporations, economic domination, interference with local governments, and failure to respect local customs.
- Home countries can be criticized for cutting domestic jobs, sending investment capital abroad, tax inversion and engaging in corruption.
Ethics Challenges for Global Businesses
- Corruption involves illegal practices to further personal business interests.
- The Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act (CFPOA) makes it illegal for Canadian firms to engage in corrupt practices overseas.
- Child labour is the employment of children to perform work otherwise done by adults.
- Sweatshops are business operations that employ workers at low wages for long hours in poor working conditions.
- Conflict minerals are minerals whose sale helps finance armed violence.
Cultures and Global Diversity
- Culture is the shared set of beliefs, values, and patterns of behavior common to a group of people.
- Culture shock is the confusion and discomfort a person experiences in an unfamiliar culture.
Cultural Intelligence
- Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view one’s culture as superior to others.
- Cultural intelligence (CQ) is the ability to adapt and work well across cultures.
Silent Languages of Culture
- The silent languages of culture involve context, time, and space.
- Low-context cultures communicate via the written or spoken word.
- High-context cultures interpret meaning from the situation, body language, and relationships.
- Monochronic cultures do one thing at a time.
- Polychronic cultures work on many things at once.
- Proxemics is the study of how people use space to communicate.
Tight and Loose Cultures
- Tight cultures have strong and clear social norms, expecting members to conform.
- Loose cultures have relaxed social norms, tolerating deviations.
Values and National Cultures
- Power distance is the degree to which society accepts unequal distribution of power.
- Individualism–collectivism is the degree to which society emphasizes individual accomplishments versus group interests.
- Uncertainty avoidance is the degree to which a society is uncomfortable with risk and change.
- Masculinity–femininity is the degree to which a society values assertiveness and materialism versus feelings and quality of life.
- Time orientation is the degree to which a society emphasizes short-term versus long-term goals.
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