Understanding Global Poverty
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Questions and Answers

Which type of poverty focuses on the perception of income not meeting personal expectations?

  • Absolute Poverty
  • Integrative Poverty
  • Subjective Poverty (correct)
  • Relative Poverty

    • Which of the following statements best describes relative poverty?

  • It results from an absence of essential resources leading to severe hardship.
  • It specifically addresses the lack of basic needs such as food and shelter.
  • It involves living below a certain income threshold regardless of societal comparisons.
  • It reflects the disparity in quality of life compared to one's neighbors despite meeting basic needs. (correct)

    • What is the primary distinction of absolute poverty?

  • It is calculated by comparing wealth among different countries.
  • It refers to the lack of resources for basic necessities of life. (correct)
  • It is based on personal income levels in relation to community averages.
  • It involves feelings of deprivation despite meeting basic needs.

    • Which scenario exemplifies subjective poverty?

    <p>A father feeling financially strained despite having a stable income.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major impact of poverty on health outcomes?

    <p>Increased likelihood of chronic stress and related health issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best characterizes absolute poverty?

    <p>Having less than the minimum standard of living necessary for health and welfare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of subjective poverty?

    <p>It involves feelings of deprivation despite potentially adequate resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about relative poverty is false?

    <p>It is solely determined by the actual amount of money earned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the significant social effects of poverty mentioned?

    <p>Greater likelihood of experiencing social exclusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario highlights the concept of integrative poverty?

    <p>A single mother able to cover basic needs but struggles with unexpected expenses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Relative poverty is defined as a living condition where individuals can afford necessities but feel deprived in comparison to their neighbors.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Subjective poverty revolves around an individual’s income relative to societal averages rather than personal expectations.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Integrative poverty is primarily concerned with social exclusion and the inability to participate in the community's economic life.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A family who can afford basic necessities but struggles to keep up with neighbors exemplifies an integrative poverty situation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory argues that social stratification benefits only a select few in society?

    <p>Conflict Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Functionalism, social stratification serves a purpose by rewarding roles crucial to society.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Symbolic Interactionism focus on when examining social stratification?

    <p>Everyday interactions and how social standing influences them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following theories of social stratification with their key ideas:

    <p>Functionalism = Roles are rewarded based on their societal importance. Conflict Theory = Critiques the benefits of stratification for a select few. Symbolic Interactionism = Examines everyday interactions influenced by social status.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a primary focus of the documentary 'Buy Now: The Shopping Conspiracy'?

    <p>How corporations encourage overconsumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the environmental impacts mentioned in the documentary that results from excessive consumerism?

    <p>E-waste dumped in Asia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is revealed about the 'one-click buying' patent held by Amazon?

    <p>It encourages users to make impulsive purchases quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do corporations like H&M and Zara contribute to the fast fashion issue?

    <p>By frequently rotating their inventory to promote new trends.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did the collaboration between celebrities and Adidas have on the company's market?

    <p>It led to an increase in brand visibility and sales.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do experts suggest as a major consequence of the rapid production cycles in the fashion industry?

    <p>It promotes a culture of overconsumption among consumers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the environmental consequences mentioned in the documentary?

    <p>Toxic waste from factories adversely affects waterways in areas like Ghana.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Indigenous women were admitted to provincial/territorial custody compared to Indigenous men in 2015/2016?

    <p>38% for women and 26% for men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the statistic that 28% of Indigenous people reported being victims of crimes compared to 18% of non-Indigenous people?

    <p>There is a significant victimization disparity among these groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the overrepresentation of Indigenous peoples in Canada's prison system suggest about systemic issues within the criminal justice system?

    <p>It suggests systemic racism and a failure to address the root causes of crime among Indigenous communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the victimization rates of Indigenous peoples compared to non-Indigenous peoples reflect societal inequalities?

    <p>They reflect significant societal inequalities, as Indigenous peoples are disproportionately victims of crimes, particularly violent offences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what ways are chronic offenders and their backgrounds indicative of broader social issues?

    <p>Chronic offenders often experience substance abuse and mental health challenges, highlighting the need for comprehensive social support systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the implications of the high percentage of Indigenous women in custody compared to Indigenous men?

    <p>It indicates a concerning trend of gendered violence and systemic bias within the justice system affecting Indigenous women disproportionately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the statistic indicating that 40% of offenders in British Columbia had 10 or more convictions?

    <p>It signifies a cycle of re-offending that may suggest deficiencies in rehabilitation efforts and support services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivated Dameon Stackhouse to enroll in college courses while in prison?

    <p>Dameon Stackhouse was motivated to enroll in college courses after hearing an announcement about a new program at East Jersey State Prison that offered college courses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact has the NJ-STEP initiative had on education in New Jersey prisons?

    <p>The NJ-STEP initiative has expanded access to college education for incarcerated individuals, integrating them into higher education systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the barriers to college education for incarcerated individuals prior to recent federal policy changes?

    <p>Limited access to educational programs and the loss of federal financial aid for incarcerated individuals were significant barriers prior to recent changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Second Chance Pell Experimental Sites Initiative promote change for incarcerated students?

    <p>The Second Chance Pell Initiative allows incarcerated individuals to access Pell Grants, facilitating their enrollment in college courses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Anchor Program at Shorter College play in supporting formerly incarcerated students?

    <p>The Anchor Program provides comprehensive support services such as academic advising, tutoring, and career counseling to formerly incarcerated students.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivates the implementation of initiatives like NJ-STEP within the prison system?

    <p>To provide opportunities for education and reduce recidivism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might the reinstatement of Pell Grants for incarcerated individuals transform their educational opportunities?

    <p>By increasing financial assistance for college education in prisons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of the Anchor Program at Shorter College for formerly incarcerated students?

    <p>To facilitate comprehensive support services for reintegration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What research finding suggests the benefits of prison education programs?

    <p>They can significantly reduce recidivism and improve reintegration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has the perspective of CJ Suranofsky changed due to his educational experiences while incarcerated?

    <p>He gained hope and a new outlook regarding his future opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following aspects is NOT typically studied within the field of demography?

    <p>Personality Traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Demographics are only useful in marketing and do not play a role in social planning.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common application of demographic studies in government?

    <p>Predicting future population trends to guide policy-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One reason psychologists might study demographics is to understand the correlation between ______ and mental health.

    <p>ageing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following demographic characteristics with their definitions:

    <p>Birth Rates = The number of live births per thousand people in a year Death Rates = The number of deaths per thousand people in a year Migration = The movement of people from one place to another Economic Status = An individual's or family's financial level and resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant societal change took place as Baby Boomers grew up in Canada?

    <p>Creation of new suburbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did women play in the workforce after World War II?

    <p>They gave up or were forced to give up their jobs to return to traditional careers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following generations with their key characteristics:

    <p>Baby Boomers = Rebellious and civil rights activists Generation X = Late Baby Boomers who felt disconnected from Boomers Generation Y = Typically known as Millennials Generation Z = Natives of the digital age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant societal change resulted from the Baby Boom in Canada during the late 1940s to 1960s?

    <p>Development of suburban housing and shopping malls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Baby Boom impact education in Canada during its peak?

    <p>Increased enrollment that necessitated the building of new schools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the daughters of the Baby Boom differ from their mothers in terms of career choices?

    <p>They opted for careers over family life and delayed childbirth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a defining feature of the Baby Boomers as they reached adulthood?

    <p>They challenged established norms regarding gender roles and aging.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant societal shift occurred in Canada as a result of the Baby Boomers reaching adulthood?

    <p>Creation of new suburbs and a rise in educational institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is commonly associated with the Baby Boomer generation?

    <p>Rejection of the traditional workforce model by women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What demographic includes children born between 1961 and 1981?

    <p>Generation X</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a notable outcome of the Baby Boom on societal perspectives regarding aging?

    <p>A shift towards viewing fitness and health as priorities for older individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Global Poverty

    • Poverty is a multifaceted issue with various definitions and impacts.

    • Four types of poverty exist: subjective, absolute, relative, and integrative.

    • Subjective poverty arises when a person's income does not meet their expectations and perceptions. This type of poverty encompasses individual feelings and comparisons to others within their social context, even if basic needs are met. For example, someone living in a middle-income neighborhood might feel poor due to perceived social comparisons to wealthier neighbors.

    • Absolute poverty lacks basic necessities like food, clean water, and safe shelter. Approximately 3 billion people live on less than $2.50 per day. This type of poverty demonstrates a severe lack of basic needs and human rights. For example, a rural family in a low-income country, relying on contaminated water and makeshift shelter, exemplifies absolute poverty.

    • Relative poverty refers to not meeting the average living standard in a given society, but having sufficient resources to meet basic needs; comparisons to peers are often relevant; it signifies inequalities even if basic needs are fulfilled. For instance, a family in a wealthy nation with an average income might still feel relatively poor due to social comparisons with more affluent neighbors.

    • Integrative poverty involves widespread poverty within a region with reduced stigma, often requiring targeted support from local authorities and programs that address common circumstances; this can involve specific, culturally-sensitive interventions. For example, specific areas in France's Seine-Saint-Denis and Grand Est regions could be seen as experiencing this type, with widespread poverty and local support programs.

    • Poverty heavily impacts health outcomes, criminality, and modern slavery, frequently creating cycles of disadvantage; resulting regional and group disparities are noteworthy.

    • Learning goals include defining different types of poverty, identifying how poverty affects various groups and regions, understanding how poverty impacts regional and group disparities, and understanding the cycles of disadvantage within these factors.

    • Poverty can create a cycle of disadvantage, the effects often causing more difficulty for affected individuals; poverty's consequences can exacerbate existing difficulties.

    • The sedimentation of global inequality is the concept that entrenched poverty in a region makes it difficult to reverse due to the interconnectedness between causes and consequences; this severely impacts a society and its ability to move forward, and has significant regional effects.

    • Global inequality is marked by uneven use and distribution of resources, with severe disparities between poorer and wealthier nations. Certain countries, like South Africa and Egypt (examples from the text), experience lower poverty rates compared to other regions in Africa. Conversely, Ethiopia and Angola have higher poverty rates.

    Learning Goals

    • Learning goals include defining different types of poverty and recognizing how poverty affects various groups in different regions, understanding impacts on health, criminality, modern slavery, and cycles of disadvantage.
    • Recognizing regional disparities and the interconnectedness of these factors, such as the impact of historical factors on global inequality, is crucial.

    Types of Poverty (Examples)

    • A single mother with three kids struggling to afford basic necessities despite a minimum wage job represents a poverty situation.
    • A couple laid off from work, relying on food banks and shelters, exemplifies homelessness.
    • A father with four kids on minimum wage, seemingly doing well on social media, yet hampered by limited housing options, illustrates another type of poverty.
    • These examples show poverty's diverse manifestations and its impact across different groups; the different types of poverty are important to understand and recognize.

    Relative Poverty

    • Relative poverty defines a standard of living where individuals have enough to meet basic needs but don't reach the average standard compared to people in their society.
    • It involves social comparisons with neighbors/peers, and the desire to maintain a perceived standard of living.
    • Relative poverty reveals inequalities even if basic needs are fulfilled; these are significant factors in how poverty is experienced and understood.
    • A significant proportion of a population might experience this type of poverty without severe deprivation; it demonstrates varying standards and economic disparity within societies.

    Example of Relative Poverty

    • A family in a wealthy nation like Canada could have an average income, granting access to a comfortable home, good education, and healthcare.
    • However, their income might be below their community average, affecting access to higher-quality necessities and lower quality of life compared to wealthier neighbors; this illustrates the feeling of being poor despite meeting basic necessities.

    Subjective Poverty

    • Subjective poverty describes the feeling of being poor based on an individual's perception of their actual income in relation to their expectations.
    • Individuals' perceptions of poverty and expectations influence perceived poverty, often comparing oneself to neighbors or larger societal trends; these comparisons impact an individual's self-perception and sense of financial well-being.
    • This means a family possibly surviving on meager funds might consider themselves doing okay within their own social context; subjective experiences are a crucial aspect of poverty, influenced by social comparisons.

    Example of Subjective Poverty

    • A middle-class individual living in a middle-high income neighborhood, with a stable job and a decent apartment, might still feel poor due to social comparisons with wealthier neighbors; this demonstrates how social comparisons can influence one's sense of well-being.
    • Despite meeting basic needs, that person's lifestyle could seem inferior, causing a feeling of poverty based on comparative perceptions, displaying the importance of subjective experiences and social context.

    Absolute Poverty

    • Absolute poverty signifies the lack of basic necessities like adequate food, clean water, and safe housing.
    • It highlights a severe need to maintain basic human rights and resources, as nearly 3 billion people live on less than $2.50 a day, creating a global crisis; this poverty condition necessitates immediate attention because it places people at severe risk.

    Example of Absolute Poverty

    • A rural family in a low-income country, lacking access to clean drinking water and living in makeshift shelters made of scrap materials.
    • Their insufficient food and lack of medical care can lead to malnutrition and potentially life-threatening illnesses, demonstrating the severe consequences of absolute poverty.

    Integrative Poverty

    • Integrative poverty often features widespread poverty within a specific region without substantial stigma; it usually entails a high population and social cohesion within that region.
    • Local authorities actively address the high level of poverty and provide comprehensive support programs like social housing, community centers, and food assistance; this means that local authorities and communities are active in combating this condition.

    Example of Integrative Poverty

    • Specific areas in France's Seine-Saint-Denis and Grand Est regions showcase the reality of widespread poverty, with reduced social stigma surrounding the issue.
    • Consistent support programs and community initiatives assist various groups within that specific population.

    Effects of Poverty

    • The effects of poverty are often interconnected, forming a cycle of disadvantage.
    • The "sedimentation of global inequality" refers to the difficulty reversing entrenched poverty due to the interconnectedness between causes and consequences; this severely impacts a society and its ability to move forward; the impacts are heavily regionalized, and consequences can become increasingly entrenched.
    • Consequences include malnutrition, high mortality rates, and increasing crime (especially violent crime).

    Poverty and Health

    • Poverty significantly affects both children's and adult health. (Linked articles provide further details.)

    Poverty and Criminality

    • Poverty can be a contributing factor to higher crime rates, particularly violent crime, in areas with high income inequality. (Linked article provides further details.)

    Modern Slavery

    • Modern slavery often correlates with inequality. It encompasses various forms like chattel slavery (people considered property) and debt bondage.
    • These forms include human trafficking, domestic servitude, and certain types of marriage contracts where women are treated as slaves; these forms demonstrate how poverty contributes to modern-day exploitation. Exploitation arises when individuals are forced to work for very little or no pay.

    Gini Coefficient

    • The Gini Coefficient measures income inequality across a population, using financial indicators expressed as percentages or decimals. A lower Gini coefficient indicates a more equal income distribution and higher values suggest greater inequality. A low score suggests less disparity, while higher values highlight increasing inequality.
    • The Gini values of Canada (31.7%), the U.S. (39.8%), and the Czech Republic (23.2%) illustrate varying levels of inequality across countries and highlight the importance of evaluating income distribution within nations.

    Global Stratification

    • Global stratification analyzes the unequal distribution of resources among nations, highlighting both horizontal (between countries) and vertical (within countries) disparities. Global stratification showcases the uneven distribution of resources among nations, with varying levels of wealth and opportunity.

    Key Aspects of Global Stratification

    • Economic Inequality: Comparing GDP per capita reveals wealth discrepancies among countries, like Luxembourg to Burundi.
    • Social Inequality: Differences in education, healthcare, and living standards highlight significant disparities in experiences and opportunities between wealthier and poorer nations. Access to quality life experiences often differs vastly.
    • Political Inequality: Influence on global decisions depends on political power, and nations with permanent seats on bodies like the UN Security Council hold more influence.
    • Environmental Inequality: Developing nations frequently bear the brunt of environmental degradation. Wealthier nations often contribute more heavily to pollution than developing nations.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the complex issue of global poverty, including its definitions and various types such as subjective, absolute, relative, and integrative poverty. It also examines how poverty impacts health outcomes, criminality, and modern slavery, emphasizing different effects across diverse regions and groups. Evaluate your understanding of these critical issues and their implications.

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