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Questions and Answers
Which type of leadership style involves establishing oneself as a role model and encouraging followers to develop their own potential?
Which type of leadership style involves establishing oneself as a role model and encouraging followers to develop their own potential?
What does the term 'Glass Ceiling' refer to in the context of the world of work?
What does the term 'Glass Ceiling' refer to in the context of the world of work?
Which term describes low-status jobs with little opportunity for advancement, especially true of stereotypically female jobs?
Which term describes low-status jobs with little opportunity for advancement, especially true of stereotypically female jobs?
What type of discrimination is characterized by discrimination in hiring patterns?
What type of discrimination is characterized by discrimination in hiring patterns?
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In geriatric rehabilitation settings, older women are perceived as:
In geriatric rehabilitation settings, older women are perceived as:
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The delayed onset of PTSD in trauma survivors has been attributed to:
The delayed onset of PTSD in trauma survivors has been attributed to:
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In care, men physicians tend to refer fewer women patients to cardiologists than women physicians due to:
In care, men physicians tend to refer fewer women patients to cardiologists than women physicians due to:
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According to the text, which factor is attributed to the misdiagnosis of seniors with PTSD?
According to the text, which factor is attributed to the misdiagnosis of seniors with PTSD?
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Older adults can internalize ageist stereotypes throughout their lives and can relate that to themselves. This process is known as:
Older adults can internalize ageist stereotypes throughout their lives and can relate that to themselves. This process is known as:
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The health and well-being of older Black women in the Greater Toronto Area are influenced by:
The health and well-being of older Black women in the Greater Toronto Area are influenced by:
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Exposure to chronic stress greatly impacted the mental health of older Black women and was perceived to have caused chronic illnesses such as:
Exposure to chronic stress greatly impacted the mental health of older Black women and was perceived to have caused chronic illnesses such as:
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The authors argue that therapeutic work is a solution to fostering positive attitudes about:
The authors argue that therapeutic work is a solution to fostering positive attitudes about:
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Longitudinal evidence is mounting that illustrates the health benefits of positive attitudes toward:
Longitudinal evidence is mounting that illustrates the health benefits of positive attitudes toward:
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The delayed onset of PTSD in trauma survivors has been attributed to a variety of factors, except:
The delayed onset of PTSD in trauma survivors has been attributed to a variety of factors, except:
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Older women are perceived as less competent and independent than older men in:
Older women are perceived as less competent and independent than older men in:
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The health effects of income are perceived differently by the identities defined at the intersection of:
The health effects of income are perceived differently by the identities defined at the intersection of:
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What term describes the hierarchical job separation where men tend to hold higher positions than women?
What term describes the hierarchical job separation where men tend to hold higher positions than women?
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Which term refers to the contradiction between female gender roles and leadership positions?
Which term refers to the contradiction between female gender roles and leadership positions?
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What term is used to describe occupations like administrative assistants, nurses, and teachers, which are dominated by women?
What term is used to describe occupations like administrative assistants, nurses, and teachers, which are dominated by women?
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Which theory suggests that individuals behave in a manner consistent with a norm of behavior?
Which theory suggests that individuals behave in a manner consistent with a norm of behavior?
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Which approach aims to make it illegal for employers to discriminate against workers with family responsibilities?
Which approach aims to make it illegal for employers to discriminate against workers with family responsibilities?
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What is expected to persist for the next 70 years globally, according to the text?
What is expected to persist for the next 70 years globally, according to the text?
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Which country offers ample parental leave, as mentioned in the text?
Which country offers ample parental leave, as mentioned in the text?
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What can neglect on children lead to, according to the text?
What can neglect on children lead to, according to the text?
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Which type of trauma has different characteristics and perpetrators, such as Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy?
Which type of trauma has different characteristics and perpetrators, such as Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy?
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What is the term for widely and persistently held beliefs contributing to acceptance of rape myths?
What is the term for widely and persistently held beliefs contributing to acceptance of rape myths?
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What type of leave policies does the USA lack, as mentioned in the text?
What type of leave policies does the USA lack, as mentioned in the text?
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What leads to women in low-paying jobs and men in high-paying jobs?
What leads to women in low-paying jobs and men in high-paying jobs?
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Which personality disorder is more commonly diagnosed in young, lower-class males?
Which personality disorder is more commonly diagnosed in young, lower-class males?
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Which disorder is more frequently diagnosed in females, with 85% of patients having a history of abuse?
Which disorder is more frequently diagnosed in females, with 85% of patients having a history of abuse?
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Which trauma survivors received higher diagnostic ratings of BPD compared to males?
Which trauma survivors received higher diagnostic ratings of BPD compared to males?
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Which model is less prone to gender bias than the DSM, although gender bias occurred for the diagnosis of HPD and APD?
Which model is less prone to gender bias than the DSM, although gender bias occurred for the diagnosis of HPD and APD?
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Which disorder may be underdiagnosed in females, and black children are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD/learning disabilities?
Which disorder may be underdiagnosed in females, and black children are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD/learning disabilities?
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Who is more likely to be diagnosed with BPD compared to heterosexual individuals, with the highest diagnostic disparity for bisexual patients?
Who is more likely to be diagnosed with BPD compared to heterosexual individuals, with the highest diagnostic disparity for bisexual patients?
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Which group has higher rates of breast cancer at a young age, diabetes, and stroke?
Which group has higher rates of breast cancer at a young age, diabetes, and stroke?
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Who is significantly less likely to be correctly diagnosed with a heart attack than men?
Who is significantly less likely to be correctly diagnosed with a heart attack than men?
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Who is 33% more likely to die from HIV, possibly due to later diagnosis and poor access to health resources?
Who is 33% more likely to die from HIV, possibly due to later diagnosis and poor access to health resources?
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Which factor is associated with greater psychological symptoms for sexual assault survivors?
Which factor is associated with greater psychological symptoms for sexual assault survivors?
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What is associated with depression, anxiety, and stress among women?
What is associated with depression, anxiety, and stress among women?
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What is significantly associated with emotion regulation difficulties and current PTSD in incarcerated women?
What is significantly associated with emotion regulation difficulties and current PTSD in incarcerated women?
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What is related to greater psychological symptoms for sexual assault survivors according to Frazier’s research?
What is related to greater psychological symptoms for sexual assault survivors according to Frazier’s research?
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What is associated with difficulties in attention and concentration, and changes in systems of meaning in women?
What is associated with difficulties in attention and concentration, and changes in systems of meaning in women?
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What is associated with coercion and threats to family responsibilities in women?
What is associated with coercion and threats to family responsibilities in women?
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What is more likely to lead to psychological symptoms and difficulty coping in incarcerated women?
What is more likely to lead to psychological symptoms and difficulty coping in incarcerated women?
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What is associated with over-representation of women in the mental health system?
What is associated with over-representation of women in the mental health system?
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What is associated with differential rates of psychological disorders?
What is associated with differential rates of psychological disorders?
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What is associated with changes in character and systems of meaning in women?
What is associated with changes in character and systems of meaning in women?
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What is associated with coercion and threats to family responsibilities in women, making them more compliant to suggestions of police?
What is associated with coercion and threats to family responsibilities in women, making them more compliant to suggestions of police?
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What is associated with difficulties with attention and concentration, and somatization in women?
What is associated with difficulties with attention and concentration, and somatization in women?
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Study Notes
Gender Bias in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Psychological and Physical Disorders
- Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD) and Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD) are more likely to be diagnosed in young, single, white, middle-class women.
- Anti-Social Personality Disorder (APD) is more commonly diagnosed in young, lower-class males.
- Paranoid Personality Disorder (PPD) is often diagnosed in middle-aged, white males.
- Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is more frequently diagnosed in females, with 85% of BPD patients having a history of abuse.
- A study found that female trauma survivors received higher diagnostic ratings of BPD than male trauma survivors.
- Psychologists gave higher diagnostic ratings of BPD than psychiatrists.
- Race bias occurs in the diagnosis of conduct disorder, antisocial personality disorder, PTSD, and eating disorders.
- The Five-Factor Model is less prone to gender bias than the DSM, although gender bias occurred for the diagnosis of HPD and APD.
- Autism may be underdiagnosed in females, and black children are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD/learning disabilities.
- LGBTQ individuals are more likely to be diagnosed with BPD than heterosexual individuals, with the highest diagnostic disparity for bisexual compared to heterosexual patients.
- Black women have higher rates of breast cancer at a young age, diabetes, and stroke.
- Women are significantly less likely to be correctly diagnosed with a heart attack than men, and women are 33% more likely to die from HIV, possibly due to later diagnosis and poor access to health resources.
Gender Bias and Trauma in Women's Mental Health
- Battered women develop an ‘illusion of control’ and are typically punished for being independent.
- Individuals who report both child sexual abuse (CSA) and adult sexual assault (ASA) experience more PTSD symptoms and are more likely to use drugs and alcohol.
- Frazier’s research shows that behavioral and self-blame are related to greater psychological symptoms for sexual assault survivors.
- Cyber-sexual violence, such as online sexual harassment and cyber-stalking, is associated with depression, anxiety, and stress among women.
- Incarcerated women in Canadian correctional systems are more likely to have psychological symptoms, difficulty coping, and involvement with child protective services.
- Reasons for entering the sex trade include substance abuse, history of abuse, coercion, and choice, with most sex workers having been assaulted in their lives and being at a high risk of murder.
- PTSD symptoms in women include intrusive re-experiencing of trauma, avoidance behaviors, difficulties with attention and concentration, somatization, chronic changes in character, and changes in systems of meaning.
- Women are subject to pressures such as coercion and threats to family responsibilities, making them more compliant to suggestions of police, and more likely to make false confessions than men.
- Cumulative trauma exposure is significantly associated with emotion regulation difficulties and current PTSD in incarcerated women.
- Gender differences exist in the expression of antisocial behavior, with men being more irritable and reckless, and women being more impulsive and lacking remorse.
- There is a sex bias in the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD), with women being rated higher for applicability of the BPD diagnosis than men.
- Gender bias in clinical practice includes etiological gender bias, sampling bias, and diagnostic gender bias, resulting in differential rates of psychological disorders and over-representation of women in the mental health system.
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Description
"Gender Bias in Psychological and Physical Disorders" Quiz: Test your knowledge on the gender disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and physical health conditions. Explore the impact of gender bias on disorders such as Histrionic Personality Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, PTSD, and physical health issues. Gain insight into the complexities of gender bias in clinical practice and its effects on trauma and mental health in women.
