Understanding Gender-Based Violence

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of gender-based violence?

Lack of education

Power imbalances (correct)

Cultural traditions

Economic status

Which of the following statements correctly defines biological sex?

It refers to the emotional and sexual attraction a person feels.

It is how a person chooses to express their gender to others.

It consists of anatomical and physiological traits related to reproduction. (correct)

It is the gender characteristic by which a person identifies themselves.

What does gender identity encompass?

The social roles defined by culture

The mental and psychological characteristics a person has regarding their gender (correct)

The biological traits of an individual

The physical characteristics visible to the eye

Which statement is true about consent in the context of gender-based violence?

There is no consent in gender-based violence. Signup and view all the answers

How can gender expression be defined?

The way a person expresses their gender through clothing and behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of being exposed to gender-based violence?

It results in emotional and psychological harm. Signup and view all the answers

What does sexual orientation refer to?

Who a person emotionally and sexually feels attracted to. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between gender identity and biological sex?

Gender identity may not be compatible with biological sex. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes gender identity?

A core element of a person’s individual identity. Signup and view all the answers

What role do traditional sex roles play in a person's development?

They are socially and culturally determined responsibilities. Signup and view all the answers

Gender-based violence is characterized primarily by which of the following?

Violence stemming from power inequalities based on gender stereotypes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups is considered to be the primary vulnerable group at high risk of experiencing gender-based violence?

Adult women and adolescent girls. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of consent emphasizes the need for information in making a decision?

Informed consent. Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential source of gender-based violence?

Cultural expectations regarding masculinity. Signup and view all the answers

How is gender expression primarily conveyed?

As a reflection of societal expectations through behavior and appearance. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement concerning gender-based violence is true?

Individuals may be coerced into actions against their will due to societal pressures. Signup and view all the answers

What is required for informed consent to be valid?

There must be a clear understanding of the consequences. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is classified as Sexual Assault?

Unwanted kissing or touching Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the definition of Rape?

It involves non-consensual penetration. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of Emotional/Psychological Abuse?

Infliction of mental or emotional pain. Signup and view all the answers

Why are children considered unable to give informed consent?

They do not understand the consequences of their decisions. Signup and view all the answers

Which act is specifically classified under Denial of Resources?

A woman prevented from using contraceptives. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Physical Assault from other forms of GBV?

It is strictly an act of physical violence. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about consent is true?

Consent must always be explicit. Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes a forced marriage?

A marriage where one or both parties are coerced into agreement. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a core type of gender-based violence (GBV)?

Financial Support Signup and view all the answers

What age threshold is established for child marriage according to the definitions provided?

Under 18 years old Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes early marriage?

Marriages where at least one party is under 18 or not fully prepared to consent. Signup and view all the answers

According to the Turkish Civil Code, which age is recognized for marriage without requiring a judge's permission?

18 years Signup and view all the answers

What can be considered as a form of forced marriage?

Abduction of individuals for marriage. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a restriction regarding marriage for individuals under 18 as per the Regulation on Marriage Procedures?

They can marry with parental consent or guardianship consent. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary consequence of early marriage identified in the content?

Limited knowledge and capacity to give informed consent. Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant consequence of early marriages for girls regarding violence?

They are subject to an increase in marital violence. Signup and view all the answers

Which age group reports a lower rate of experiencing physical violence?

Women married after 18 Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the common reasons that contribute to child, early, and forced marriages?

Poverty and economic conditions Signup and view all the answers

In conflict and crisis settings, which belief may influence families to arrange marriages for girls?

Marriage will protect girls from violence. Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom may indicate that a child is at risk of early marriage?

Sudden drop in school performance Signup and view all the answers

What misconception might parents have about marrying off their daughters in times of insecurity?

It can protect them from violence. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is often recognized as a factor driving gender inequality that contributes to child marriage?

Harmful social and gender norms Signup and view all the answers

Which percentage reflects the rate of exposure to sexual violence among women who married before the age of 18?

19% Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of girls worldwide were married before the age of 18?

21% Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of women aged 20-24 who received bride price during marriage if they married before the age of 18?

38% Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of women aged 25-49 were married before the age of 15 according to the Türkiye Demographic and Health Survey 2018?

4% Signup and view all the answers

How many girls under the age of 18 are married worldwide each year?

12 million Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant consequence of Child, Early and Forced Marriages in terms of education?

Hindered access to formal education Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of girls aged 15-19 have started childbearing?

3.5% Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of women aged 20-24 who married before the age of 18 do not know how to access contraceptive methods?

29% Signup and view all the answers

How much more likely are uneducated girls to marry by age 18 compared to girls with secondary education or higher?

Three times as likely Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gender-Based Violence

Gender-based violence (GBV) is any harmful act against a person's will due to their sex or gender.
GBV is rooted in power imbalances and gender inequalities.
It manifests as various forms of harm, including physical, sexual, and emotional violence.
Coercion and deprivation of freedom are also part of GBV.
GBV occurs in public and private settings.
Stereotypes based on gender are a factor in GBV.

Basic Concepts

Biological Sex: Refers to biological/anatomical characteristics and differences between sexes.
Gender Identity: How a person identifies themselves in terms of gender, mentally and psychologically.
Sexual Orientation: Expression of emotional and sexual attraction to others, whether same-gender, different-gender, or all genders.
Gender Expression: How a person chooses to express their gender identity through actions, clothing, and behaviors .

Basic Concepts (continued)

Sex is a multi-faceted concept encompassing anatomy, physiology, and hormonal factors like external genitalia, secondary sexual characteristics, gonads, chromosomes, and hormones.
Gender is also complex, intertwining gender identity, which is an integral personal aspect, with gender expression, communicating the identity to others through actions, appearance, and social expectations linked to sex traits.

Sexual Orientation

Sexual orientation encompasses emotional, romantic, and sexual attraction.
Attraction can be towards the same gender, the opposite gender, or all genders.
Sexual orientation also includes how a person wants to express a relationship with others.

Traditional Sex Roles

Traditional sex roles are socially and culturally determined expectations of roles, responsibilities, and behaviors based on gender.
These expectations are learned via socialization.
Gender roles dictate how individuals should act or behave, reflecting societal and cultural attitudes about gender.

Informed consent involves understanding the consequences, possessing equal power, and voluntarily agreeing to something.
Genuine consent requires the ability to freely express 'no'.
Coercion or duress invalidate consent in a situation where abuse of power takes place.
Children under 18 are not legally considered capable of providing informed consent.

GBV Classification

Rape: Non-consensual penetration of the vagina, anus, or mouth with a penis or other object.
Sexual Assault: Non-consensual sexual contact that doesn't involve penetration (e.g., kissing, fondling).
Physical Assault: Physical violence that is not sexually motivated (e.g., hitting, slapping, choking).
Forced Marriage: Marriage against one or both party's will.
Denial of Resources, Opportunities or Services: Denying individuals access to essential resources or opportunities due to gender.
Emotional/Psychological Abuse: Inflicting emotional pain through actions or words like intimidation, humiliation, isolation, or threats.

GBV Classification (continued)

Child Sexual Abuse: Any sexual abuse of an individual under the age of 18.
Intimate Partner Violence: Violence directed towards someone in an intimate or close relationship or a wider social setting.
Sexual Exploitation/Transactional Sex: Exploiting sexual acts for profit.
Harmful Traditional Practices: Harmful customs, e.g., female genital mutilation (FGM).
Sexual Slavery: Holding a person in captivity and forcing sexual acts upon them

Child, Early, and Forced Marriages (CEFM)

Child marriage is a marriage where at least one party is below the legal age.
Early marriage involves marriages where at least one party is under the legal age or when parties are not fully equipped to give consent.
Forced marriage happens when one or both parties are not free or able to provide consent to the marriage.
CEFM violates children's rights, hindering education, psychological and physical development, freedoms, and social interactions.
CEFM is linked to economics, cultural norms, gender-based violence, and conflict.

Child, Early and Forced Marriages (CEFM) (continued)

CEFM is a form of discrimination and gender inequality that restricts lives and futures; it is also associated with adverse sexual health outcomes.
Globally, a notable proportion of girls are married before the age of 18.
Poverty and lack of educational opportunities increase the risk of CEFM.
Social conflict/crisis settings are associated with a higher likelihood of CEFM.
Symptoms of CEFM include obtaining registration from schools, absence from school, sudden changes in behavior, and social and economic effects.

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Description

This quiz covers essential concepts related to gender-based violence (GBV) including definitions, manifestations, and underlying factors. Explore the intricacies of biological sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, and gender expression. Test your knowledge on how these concepts interlink with GBV and the societal implications involved.