18 Questions
What are extrajudicial measures based on, as expressed in the text?
The belief that diversion is the most appropriate and effective way to address non-violent youth crime
Which of the following is NOT listed as a significant factor affecting police decision-making according to the text?
Offender's height
What are considered the most important legal factors influencing police discretion?
Offense seriousness and prior record of the offender
Which factor has been identified as an important extralegal factor affecting police decisions according to the text?
Family, community, and neighborhood
What does racial profiling and carding face challenges as in Ontario courts?
A human rights issue
What increases the chances of future arrest?
Police contact
What do Tanner and Wortley's (2002) research findings on youth gang members in Toronto challenge?
Not all gangs are involved in illegal activities
What is a common characteristic of Canadian street gangs today?
Property crime as a primary interest
Why do boys and girls join gangs, according to the text?
To escape family abuse or neglect
Based on the text, why do some scholars argue that a 'search for equivalencies' is not useful for understanding girls' behaviors?
'Search for equivalencies' undermines the uniqueness of girls' actions
What is a common misconception about gang activities according to the text?
Gangs spend a significant amount of time on criminal activities
Which statement reflects a finding about youth gang activities as described in the text?
Not all youth gangs are involved in illegal activities
Which statement is true about children of visible minorities?
There is no evidence to suggest they are more likely to be gang members.
What is a factor contributing to Aboriginal youth crime, according to the text?
The aftermath of colonialism, residential schools, poverty, and oppressed status.
Which age group is responsible for the most violent crime, according to the text?
Young adults, primarily males 18 to 30 years old.
What factor contributed to the increase in violent crime with the Youth Offenders Act (YOA), according to the text?
Both B and C.
What is true about youth crime rates and population age composition?
Crime rates for both adults and youth fluctuate with changes in the age composition of the overall population.
What is true about youth under 12 years old and criminal activities?
They do not appear to be any more criminal than they were 25 years ago.
Explore how definitions of gangs and gang activity can be politically motivated, and how research on youth gangs reveals that not all are involved in illegal activities. Discover that gang members do not spend much time on criminal activities compared to non-gang youth.
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