Understanding Gangs: Definitions and Research
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Questions and Answers

What are extrajudicial measures based on, as expressed in the text?

  • The opinion that non-violent youth crime should be punished severely
  • The idea that non-violent youth crime should be ignored
  • The philosophy that incarceration is the best approach for non-violent youth crime
  • The belief that diversion is the most appropriate and effective way to address non-violent youth crime (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT listed as a significant factor affecting police decision-making according to the text?

  • Race
  • Homelessness
  • Offender's height (correct)
  • Gender

    • What are considered the most important legal factors influencing police discretion?

  • Offense seriousness and prior record of the offender (correct)
  • Offender's shoe size and favorite hobby
  • Offender's height and hair color
  • Offense location and weather at the time of the offense

    • Which factor has been identified as an important extralegal factor affecting police decisions according to the text?

    <p>Family, community, and neighborhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does racial profiling and carding face challenges as in Ontario courts?

    <p>A human rights issue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What increases the chances of future arrest?

    <p>Police contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Tanner and Wortley's (2002) research findings on youth gang members in Toronto challenge?

    <p>Not all gangs are involved in illegal activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of Canadian street gangs today?

    <p>Property crime as a primary interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do boys and girls join gangs, according to the text?

    <p>To escape family abuse or neglect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, why do some scholars argue that a 'search for equivalencies' is not useful for understanding girls' behaviors?

    <p>'Search for equivalencies' undermines the uniqueness of girls' actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about gang activities according to the text?

    <p>Gangs spend a significant amount of time on criminal activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects a finding about youth gang activities as described in the text?

    <p>Not all youth gangs are involved in illegal activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about children of visible minorities?

    <p>There is no evidence to suggest they are more likely to be gang members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a factor contributing to Aboriginal youth crime, according to the text?

    <p>The aftermath of colonialism, residential schools, poverty, and oppressed status.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is responsible for the most violent crime, according to the text?

    <p>Young adults, primarily males 18 to 30 years old.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributed to the increase in violent crime with the Youth Offenders Act (YOA), according to the text?

    <p>Both B and C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about youth crime rates and population age composition?

    <p>Crime rates for both adults and youth fluctuate with changes in the age composition of the overall population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about youth under 12 years old and criminal activities?

    <p>They do not appear to be any more criminal than they were 25 years ago.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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