Computer Science Chapter 5 Operating Systems

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of an operating system?

  • To function as a high-level programming language.
  • To offer an environment for applications to run and an interface between hardware and human operators. (correct)
  • To manage and optimize network traffic.
  • To provide a direct interface between hardware components.

Which of the following best describes 'CMOS'?

  • Computer management operating system.
  • Complex machine output system.
  • Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor. (correct)
  • Central memory operating system.

What does 'GUI' stand for?

  • Graphical User Interface. (correct)
  • Graphical User Instruction.
  • General Utility Interface.
  • General User Interface.

Which of the following is an example of a 'Post-WIMP' interface?

<p>A touch screen interface on a tablet. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of 'memory management' within an operating system?

<p>Managing the allocation and deallocation of memory. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function does 'memory optimisation' perform?

<p>Determines how memory is allocated and deallocated. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of 'security management' in an operating system?

<p>Maintaining the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of data. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of 'virtual memory systems'?

<p>To compensate for a shortage of actual physical memory. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'memory protection' primarily prevent?

<p>Two applications from using the same memory locations simultaneously. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of 'process management'?

<p>Allocating resources and permitting the sharing and exchange of data. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which operating system component manages all input/output devices?

<p>Hardware Management (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a 'device driver'?

<p>To translate data between the operating system and a hardware device. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the BEST example of a 'utility program'?

<p>An antivirus program. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a 'disk formatter'?

<p>To prepare a disk for data storage and retrieval. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'bad sector'?

<p>A faulty sector on a hard drive. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is typically performed by 'antivirus software'?

<p>Quarantining and deleting files infected by a virus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of 'heuristic checking'?

<p>Checking for software behavior that could indicate a possible virus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a file or program that is placed in 'quarantine' by antivirus software?

<p>It is isolated to prevent it from causing harm. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'false positive' in the context of antivirus software?

<p>A file or program incorrectly identified as being infected. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a 'disk defragmenter' do?

<p>Reorganizes files on a hard disk to store them in contiguous blocks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of 'disk content analysis software'?

<p>To check disk drives for empty space and disk usage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before storage on an HDD, which process does 'disk compression' perform?

<p>Compression of data. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a 'back-up utility'?

<p>To make copies of files on another storage device. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a 'program library'?

<p>A library where programs and routines are stored for use by software developers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'library program'?

<p>A program stored in a library for future use by programmers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of a 'library routine'?

<p>It is a tested and ready-to-use routine available for incorporation into a program. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a 'Dynamic Link Library (DLL)'?

<p>A library routine that can be linked to another program only at runtime. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does 'pinch and rotate' functionality work on a touch screen?

<p>By using finger movements to carry out tasks like zooming and turning. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sequences accurately represents the levels of memory management?

<p>Management -&gt; Organisation -&gt; Optimisation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the interrelation of system processes, which of the following dependencies are MOST critical for ensuring data availability?

<p>Security Management -&gt; Process Management -&gt; Back-up Utility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of a multi-user operating system, which set of functions must work in concert to ensure both data confidentiality AND system stability when multiple applications request the same memory?

<p>Memory Protection &amp; Security Management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best captures the evolutionary relationship between WIMP and Post-WIMP interfaces?

<p>Post-WIMP interfaces build upon the foundations of WIMP but incorporate touch and gesture-based interactions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sequences correctly orders the actions an operating system takes to handle a potential malware threat, assuming all components are active and functioning?

<p>Heuristic Checking -&gt; Antivirus Scan -&gt; Quarantine -&gt; Removal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A software development team is deciding whether to use a 'library program' or a 'dynamic link library (DLL)' for a specific function in their application. What is the MOST important factor they should consider when making this decision?

<p>Whether the function needs to be updated frequently without requiring application recompilation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An engineer is designing a new operating system for embedded systems with limited resources. Which of the following strategies would be MOST effective for optimizing memory usage?

<p>Employing memory optimisation techniques such as efficient allocation and deallocation of resources to minimize fragmentation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A user reports that their antivirus software frequently flags legitimate system files as threats ('false positives'). Which course of action would be MOST effective for addressing this issue while maintaining system security?

<p>Add the specific files to the antivirus software's exclusion list after verifying their integrity, and ensure the antivirus definitions are up to date. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A computer's hard drive is heavily fragmented which severely impacts the systems overall performance. However, before running 'Disk Defragmenter', what actions should be taken?

<p>Run Disk Content Analysis Software and Back-up important files. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of operating system functions MOST directly contributes to creating a secure and reliable computing environment?

<p>Security Management, Memory Protection, and Antivirus Software (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a scenario where an application requires frequent updates to a core routine. Which approach offers the MOST flexible solution for updating this routine without disrupting the entire application?

<p>Implementing the routine as a 'Dynamic Link Library (DLL)' ensuring it's Modular. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

CMOS

Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor.

Operating System

Software that provides an environment in which applications can run and provides an interface between hardware and human operators.

HCI

Human-computer interface.

GUI

Graphical user interface.

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CLI

Command line interface.

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Icon

Small picture or symbol used to represent, for example, an application on a screen.

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WIMP

Windows, icons, menu and pointing device.

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Post-WIMP

Interfaces that go beyond WIMP and use touch screen technology rather than a pointing device.

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Pinching and rotating

Actions by fingers on a touch screen to carry out tasks such as move, enlarge, reduce, and so on.

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Memory management

Part of the operating system that controls the main memory.

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Memory optimisation

Function of memory management that determines how memory is allocated and deallocated.

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Memory organisation

Function of memory management that determines how much memory is allocated to an application.

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Security management

Part of the operating system that ensures the integrity, confidentiality and availability of data.

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Contiguous

Items next to each other.

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Virtual memory systems

Memory management that makes use of hardware and software to enable a computer to compensate for a shortage of actual physical memory.

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Memory protection

Function of memory management that ensures two competing applications cannot use same memory locations at the same time.

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Process management

Part of the operating system that involves allocation of resources and permits the sharing and exchange of data.

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Hardware management

Part of the operating system that controls all input/output devices connected to a computer.

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Device driver

Software that communicates with the operating system and translates data into a format understood by the device.

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Utility program

Parts of the operating system which carry out certain functions, such as virus checking, defragmentation or hard disk formatting.

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Disk formatter

Utility that prepares a disk to allow data/files to be stored and retrieved.

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Bad sector

A faulty sector on an HDD which can be soft or hard.

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Antivirus software

Software that quarantines and deletes files or programs infected by a virus.

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Heuristic checking

Checking of software for behaviour that could indicate a possible virus.

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Quarantine

File or program identified as being infected by a virus which has been isolated by antivirus software before it is deleted at a later stage.

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False positive

A file or program identified by a virus checker as being infected but the user knows this cannot be correct.

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Disk defragmenter

Utility that reorganises the sectors on a hard disk so that files can be stored in contiguous data blocks.

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Disk content analysis software

Utility that checks disk drives for empty space and disk usage by reviewing files and folders.

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Disk compression

Software that compresses data before storage on an HDD.

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Back-up utility

Software that makes copies of files on another portable storage device.

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Program library

A library on a computer where programs and routines are stored which can be freely accessed by other software developers for use in their own programs.

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Library program

A program stored in a library for future use by other programmers.

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Library routine

A tested and ready-to-use routine available in the development system of a programming language that can be incorporated into a program.

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Dynamic link file (DLL)

A library routine that can be linked to another program only at the run time stage.

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Study Notes

What is a Function?

  • A function is a rule assigning each element $x$ in set $D$ to exactly one element $y$ in set $R$.
  • The domain of a function is the set $D$.
  • The range of a function is the set $R$.

Representing Functions

  • Functions can be represented verbally, numerically, visually, or algebraically.

Four Ways to Represent a Function

Example 1

  • A phone company charges $3.10 per month plus $0.05 per minute for long distance.
  • The monthly cost $C$ can be expressed as a function of minutes $x$: $C(x) = 3.10 + 0.05x$.

Example 2

  • A table showing temperature at different times

Example 4

  • Example of a function: $A = \pi r^2$

Vertical Line Test

  • A curve in the xy-plane represents a function of $x$ if no vertical line intersects it more than once.

Piecewise Defined Functions

  • Piece-wise functions are defined by different expressions on different intervals.
  • Example: $$ f(x) = \begin{cases} x^2 + 2, \quad x < 0 \ x - 3, \quad x \geq 0 \end{cases} $$

Symmetry

  • An even function satisfies $f(-x) = f(x)$ for all $x$ in its domain.
  • An odd function satisfies $f(-x) = -f(x)$ for all $x$ in its domain.

Increasing and Decreasing Functions

  • A function $f$ is increasing on interval $I$ if $f(x_1) < f(x_2)$ whenever $x_1 < x_2$ in $I$.
  • A function $f$ is decreasing on interval $I$ if $f(x_1) > f(x_2)$ whenever $x_1 < x_2$ in $I$.

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