Questions and Answers
Which function of the Gram Sabha is primarily focused on financial accountability?
What role does the Gram Sabha play in community problem-solving?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Gram Sabha?
Which of the following best summarizes the purpose of raising demands in the Gram Sabha?
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How does the Gram Sabha contribute to participatory governance?
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What aspect of the Gram Panchayat's performance is NOT typically reviewed by the Gram Sabha?
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What is the potential outcome of discussions held in the Gram Sabha?
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In terms of village governance, what is a critical function of the Gram Sabha in relation to the gram panchayat?
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Which of the following statements about the Gram Sabha is accurate?
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Which of these is a primary responsibility of the Gram Sabha concerning its members?
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Study Notes
Federalism Overview
- Federalism is a system of governance where power is divided between a central authority and smaller political units (states).
- In a unitary government, the central government holds more power than local entities, whereas in federalism, central and state governments operate independently.
Types of Federalism
- Coming Together Federation: Independent states unite voluntarily to form a federation.
- Holding Together Federation: A large country maintains unity by distributing power among various subunits while retaining central control.
Federalism in India
- India is not officially referred to as a federation in its constitution, yet operates on federal principles.
- Key features of Indian federalism include:
- A division of legislative powers among the central and state governments.
- Three lists categorize subjects: Union List, State List, and Concurrent List.
Legislative Powers in India
- Union List: Contains 100 subjects including defense, foreign affairs, and banking.
- State List: Comprises 62 subjects, such as police and agriculture.
- Concurrent List: Includes 47 shared subjects like education and adoption.
- Subjects not on any list are termed "Residuary Subjects" (e.g., information technology).
State Powers Variation
- Not all Indian states have the same level of power; some jurisdictions enjoy special powers.
- Small areas under central authority cannot be termed as states, with exceptions like Goa and Delhi.
Success Factors of Indian Federalism
- States are formed based on linguistic demographics, honoring majority languages.
- Regionally accepted languages include Hindi, and English retains status as an official language until its cessation in 1965.
- Political flexibility promotes peaceful coexistence among diverse language communities.
Decentralization in India
- Historically, state-central relationships were weak, with regional parties gaining strength post-1930s.
- Decentralization involves redistributing power from state governments to local levels.
- Panchayati Raj system enables local governance through Gram Panchayats.
Gram Panchayat
- Composed of Sarpanch and ward council members (1-51 members based on population).
- Requires a minimum population of 25000 for 21 members; populations below this may merge to form a group Gram Panchayat.
Gram Sabha
- Represents direct democracy where all voting age residents participate.
- Supervises Gram Panchayat, discussing and approving budgets, raising villagers’ demands, and addressing community problems.
Functions of Gram Sabha
- Reviews performance of the Gram Panchayat.
- Discusses and approves the annual budget.
- Raises demands for the local community.
- Provides a forum for discussing problems and solutions.
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Description
This quiz explores the concept of federalism, comparing it with unitary forms of government. Learn about the structure, powers, and functions of different levels of government within a federal system. Test your knowledge on how federalism operates and its implications for governance.
