European Integration in Historical Perspective

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Questions and Answers

According to Immanuel Kant, what is the first stage of historical progress?

Formation of the state (correct)

Monopolization of force

Transformation of relations of force into legal relations

Subjecting individual arbitrariness to law

What does Immanuel Kant define as 'Perpetual Peace'?

A balance of powers that ensures peace

The end of all hostilities, not just the suspension of hostilities between two wars (correct)

The creation of a military alliance for peacekeeping

The absence of wars between major powers

What does European Integration mean in the context of the text?

The political definition of Europe

The process of unification and cooperation among European countries (correct)

The geographical definition of Europe

The historical evolution of European identity

According to Immanuel Kant, what does world federation ensure?

Perpetual peace by regulating relations between states and preventing violence Signup and view all the answers

What is the link proposed by Immanuel Kant between world federation, perpetual peace, and human emancipation?

World federation leads to perpetual peace, which in turn leads to human emancipation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea behind the concept of 'Perpetual Peace' according to Immanuel Kant?

Creation of a legal order that guarantees peace in all social relations, including international relations Signup and view all the answers

According to the Ventotene Manifesto, what is the key starting point for reflection?

Overcoming the nation state Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of European supranational democracy according to the Ventotene Manifesto?

Overcoming the nation state Signup and view all the answers

What did the Ventotene Manifesto propose as a 'spiritual' objective for the federated Europe?

Offering citizens the highest possible degree of civilization Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Ventotene Manifesto in 1945?

Founding of the European Federalist Movement in Milan Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the reasons for federalism losing momentum after the end of the war?

US pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following has been realized as part of the initial projects despite the absence of a European Federation?

Economic and Monetary Union Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the attempts to bring the EEC/EU closer to a more federal structure?

Spinelli Project (1980-1984) Signup and view all the answers

What was the central task according to the Ventotene Manifesto?

'The creation of a solid international state' Signup and view all the answers

What did Proudhon's federalism envision?

A confederation of states with central authority subordinate to member states Signup and view all the answers

Who sought Italian political unity and European unification?

Mazzini Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary criticism of the League of Nations according to Einaudi?

It was a mere confederation without true peace Signup and view all the answers

What did the Paneuropa Movement aim to address?

Europe's division and inability to maintain peace and independence Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote the Ventotene Manifesto in the 1940s?

Ernesto Rossi, Altiero Spinelli, and others Signup and view all the answers

Who denounced the authoritarian nature of the unitary nation-state and proposed a federal solution for Italian unification and European peace?

Cattaneo Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The text discusses various theories and movements towards federalism and European unity throughout history, with a focus on the period leading up to World War II.
Federalist theory posits that republican states are necessary for freedom, democracy, and justice, but international anarchy makes it difficult for these principles to be consolidated within individual states.
Proudhon's federalism envisions a confederation of states where central authority is subordinate to member states, with the municipality being the primary center of organization. He rejects the idea of a state due to its exploitative nature.
Mazzini sought Italian political unity and European unification, with the belief that the nation was a vehicle for achieving freedom and universal brotherhood.
Cattaneo, a forerunner of 20th century European federalism, denounced the authoritarian nature of the unitary nation-state and proposed a federal solution for Italian unification and European peace.
The League of Nations was founded in the aftermath of World War I, but Einaudi, a critic of the League, saw it as a mere confederation and believed that only a federal union could bring true peace.
The Paneuropa Movement was initiated by Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi in 1923, aiming to address the problem of Europe's division and inability to maintain peace and independence.
The Ventotene Manifesto, written by Ernesto Rossi, Altiero Spinelli, and others in the 1940s, called for a free and united Europe, drawing inspiration from English federalist literature. The manifesto gained widespread circulation and influenced European integration efforts.
Key figures and movements mentioned include Junius, English federalist literature, the canteens, the Briand-Stresemann pact, Lord Lothian, and the Federal Union movement.
The texts discuss the development and dissemination of ideas regarding European unity and federalism throughout history, with a focus on the intellectual and political movements that led to the creation of the European Union.

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Description

Explore the concept of European Integration in a long-term historical context, from its origins to its development over the centuries. Delve into the uncertain definitions from geographical and political perspectives and examine influential philosophers' views, like Immanuel Kant's contribution to the idea of European cooperation.