33 Questions
At what age do children typically begin to relate emotions to their causes in the world?
8-12 months
What kind of emotions can children typically label in early childhood (2-5 years)?
Simple emotions like happy, sad, fear, surprise, anger
At what age do children typically start recognizing that someone can feel two conflicting emotions at once?
6-10 years
What is emotional contagion and when does it start to be present in very young infants?
An awareness of emotion without necessarily understanding, present in very young infants
At what age do children typically begin to understand the difference between external and internal emotions?
5 years
What are display rules in the context of understanding fake emotions?
Rules that govern what kinds of emotional expressions are considered appropriate
What are the three main components of emotions that can be regulated?
Internal feelings, Behavior, Physiological processes
What are the three developmental patterns in regulating emotions?
Caregiver to self, Behavioral to cognitive, Selection of appropriate strategies
During which developmental stage do parents usually regulate arousal for infants?
Birth - 5 months
What is the primary strategy used by young children to regulate emotions?
Behavioral distraction
What is a common cognitive strategy used by older children to regulate emotions?
Reappraise the situation
How does socialization influence individual differences in emotion regulation?
It shapes how children view themselves and others
How do parents' reactions to a child's feelings impact the child's emotional development?
Leads to more aggression, more negative emotions, poor coping strategies
What role do parents' emotional intensity play in shaping their children's emotional responses?
Parents very intense à Children more intense, Parents very positive à Children more positive
How does discussing emotions with children help in their emotional development?
Discussion of emotion leads to more introspection, better coping strategies in adulthood
What are the consequences of poor emotion regulation and negative emotionality in children?
More antisocial behavior, More unemployment, Anxiety and/or depression, Difficulties socially and academically
How does emotional competence in children predict their future adjustment?
Emotional competence predicts many aspects of future adjustment
What factors influence the development of children's understanding of emotions?
Interaction between genes and socialization
What are the stages in Kohlberg's Moral Reasoning Developmental Trends, in order?
Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, Stage 4, Stage 5, Stage 6
At what age is development not complete according to Kohlberg's theories?
By age 10
What are some criticisms of Kohlberg's stages of moral development?
Vague, inconsistent, cross-culturally invalid, gender biases
What is the main difference between Kohlberg's and Gilligan's theories of moral development?
Kohlberg's theory is based on justice and rights, while Gilligan's theory focuses on care and relationships.
According to Kohlberg, is moral development complete by the age of 10 years?
No
In the Heinz dilemma, was it morally acceptable for Heinz to steal the drug for his dying wife? Why or why not?
Yes, because it was morally justifiable for Heinz to steal the drug to save his wife's life, given the circumstances.
What is the significance of the Heinz dilemma in Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
The Heinz dilemma is used to assess individuals' moral reasoning and understanding of justice and rights.
What are the major assumptions underlying Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
Development is due to cognitive abilities, with some social influences.
What is the major concern of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
Reasoning about what is right and wrong.
What is the major method used by Kohlberg to study moral development?
Response to moral dilemmas.
In which stage of Kohlberg's moral development is the focus on consequences rather than intentions?
Stage 1 - Punishment and Obedience Orientation
According to Kohlberg, which stage is characterized by the belief that what is right is what satisfies one's needs?
Stage 2 - Instrumental Purpose Orientation
Which stage of Kohlberg's moral development involves winning approval of others by being a good person?
Stage 3 - 'Good Boy or Girl' Orientation
In Kohlberg's moral development, which stage emphasizes the importance of personal duty in maintaining social order?
Stage 4 - Social Order Maintaining Orientation
Which stage of Kohlberg's moral development views laws as flexible instruments for human purposes?
Stage 5 - Social-Contract Orientation
Study Notes
- Children go through developmental stages in identifying, understanding, and regulating emotions, starting from infancy to middle childhood.
- Emotional contagion is present in infants, showing an awareness but not necessarily understanding of emotions.
- Children gradually learn to identify emotional expressions, connect them to facial expressions and tone of voice, and relate them to causes in the world for social referencing.
- As children grow, they progress in identifying emotions from simple (happy, sad) to more complex (pride, shame, guilt) emotions.
- Children also learn to understand the causes of different emotions at different ages, starting with happiness and progressing to more complex emotions like shame, guilt, and jealousy.
- Children start learning about fake emotions around 3 years old, attempting to disguise negative emotions and understanding the difference between external and internal emotions.
- Regulating emotions involves caregiver-to-self and behavioral-to-cognitive developmental patterns, where children learn to initiate, inhibit, or modulate various components of emotions.
- Individual differences in emotion regulation are influenced by factors such as temperament, socialization, and models of emotion and regulation taught by parents.
This quiz explores the three components of emotional development in infants: identifying emotions, understanding causes of emotions, and distinguishing between real and false emotions. Topics covered include emotional contagion in young infants, recognizing emotional expressions, and relating emotions to their causes.
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