Understanding Dysphagia: Causes and Consequences

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What are the consequences of dysphagia?

Malnutrition and dehydration, aspiration pneumonia, chronic lung disease, long hospitalization, increased cost of care

What is the incidence range of dysphagia in acute stroke?

55% to 64%

What are the common causes of dysphagia?

Neurological disorders like stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, myasthenia gravis. Also, treatments for head and neck cancer and rheumatoid arthritis.

What is the role of SLP in dysphagia?

Assessment and management Signup and view all the answers

What are some specific roles of SLP in dysphagia?

Identifying signs and symptoms, normal and abnormal swallowing anatomy, indications and contraindications for assessment procedures, potential disorders in the upper aerodigestive and digestive tracts Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of inpatients aged 55 years and above in the US experience dysphagia?

22% Signup and view all the answers

What are the 4 stages involved in the normal swallowing process?

<ol> <li>Oral preparatory phase, 2. Oral transit phase, 3. Pharyngeal phase, 4. Esophageal phase</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) in dysphagia?

Incorporating the client’s/patient's dietary preferences and personal/cultural practices during evaluation and treatment services. Signup and view all the answers

What should an SLP be aware of regarding swallow function?

Typical age-related changes in swallow function. Signup and view all the answers

What is crucial for an SLP when assessing swallow function?

Analyzing and integrating information from the assessment collaboratively with medical professionals. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two phases of the normal swallowing process that are voluntary?

<ol> <li>Oral preparatory phase, 2. Oral transit phase</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the normal swallowing process is involuntary?

Pharyngeal phase and Esophageal phase Signup and view all the answers

What are the risks associated with flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES)?

Discomfort and irritation, Nasal bleeding, Laryngospasm, Aspiration Signup and view all the answers

What are some disorders/diseases that are known to cause dysphagia?

Various disorders/diseases can cause dysphagia. This question does not have a single correct answer as there are multiple possibilities. Signup and view all the answers

According to Perlman & Schultz (1997), what are some medications known to affect swallowing?

Medications known to affect swallowing. This question does not have a single correct answer as there are multiple possibilities. Signup and view all the answers

What can a clinician visualize during the swallow using flexible endoscopic evaluation?

Initiation of pharyngeal structural movements through the pharyngeal squeeze, superior movement, and/or epiglottis inversion Signup and view all the answers

What are some things to consider in non-instrumental assessment of dysphagia?

Secretion management skills, cranial nerve function, posture and positioning for feeding, status of oral care Signup and view all the answers

How does 'white-out' impact the observation of the swallow during endoscopy?

Reflects light from pharyngeal and laryngeal tissues, preventing the observation of bolus passage and movement of pharyngeal structures Signup and view all the answers

How can you check the vagus nerve in dysphagia assessment?

By assessing cranial nerve function Signup and view all the answers

What recommendations can a Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) give based on assessment findings in dysphagia management?

Recommendations for dysphagia management Signup and view all the answers

What are some things to assess after bolus delivery in the mouth during dysphagia assessment?

Labial seal, anterior spillage, oral control, mastication, food transit, bolus manipulation, hyolaryngeal excursion, behavioral signs, physiological changes Signup and view all the answers

Why is non-instrumental dysphagia assessment considered insufficient?

To reveal specific information about the larynx, pharynx, and upper esophagus Signup and view all the answers

What are some common procedures in instrumental swallowing assessment?

Videofluoroscopic swallowing study (MBSS) Signup and view all the answers

What physiological changes can be observed during dysphagia assessment?

Changes in vital signs and voice quality Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Shaker swallowing exercise?

Increase hyoid and larynx elevation, and widen and open the esophagus Signup and view all the answers

How is the Shaker swallowing exercise performed?

Patients lie on their back, elevate their head to see their feet for one minute, then reset for one minute, repeated 30 times Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of using special cups in dysphagia management?

To control liquids Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized in the conclusion regarding dysphagia management?

Specialized training and collaboration with medical professionals Signup and view all the answers

What key skill is required for practicing assessment and management of dysphagia?

Special training on noninstrumental and instrumental procedures Signup and view all the answers