Understanding DNA Structure and Function
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Questions and Answers

Which component is NOT part of a DNA nucleotide?

  • Phosphate group
  • Sugar (deoxyribose)
  • Nitrogen-containing base
  • Lipid molecule (correct)

What forms double bonds with adenine in DNA?

  • Thymine (correct)
  • Uracil
  • Cytosine
  • Guanine

How many base pairs are present in the human genetic code?

  • 3.2 billion
  • 10 billion
  • 6.4 billion (correct)
  • 1.6 billion

What is the process where egg fuses with sperm to produce a zygote known as?

<p>Fertilization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nitrogen-containing base pairs with cytosine in DNA?

<p>Guanine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does DNA form to orchestrate the cells' protein synthesis processes?

<p>Set of instructions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In eukaryotic cells, where is genetic material found?

<p>Nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?

<p>Providing instructions for determining which protein and how much of it needs to be produced (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During transcription, what is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

<p>Contains codons that code for specific amino acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

<p>Assists in forming peptide bonds between amino acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does DNA influence gene regulation?

<p>By controlling which genes are turned on or off in a cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if there is a mutation in the DNA sequence related to a protein-coding gene?

<p>It may lead to a change in the amino acid sequence used in translation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome during translation?

<p>mRNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step of protein synthesis known as?

<p>Transcription (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do mutations impact protein synthesis?

<p>Mutations can alter the amino acid sequence, affecting protein structure and function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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