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Understanding DNA Structure and Function

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Questions and Answers

Which component is NOT part of a DNA nucleotide?

Phosphate group
Sugar (deoxyribose)
Nitrogen-containing base
Lipid molecule (correct)

What forms double bonds with adenine in DNA?

Thymine (correct)
Uracil
Cytosine
Guanine

How many base pairs are present in the human genetic code?

3.2 billion
10 billion
6.4 billion (correct)
1.6 billion

What is the process where egg fuses with sperm to produce a zygote known as?

Fertilization (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which nitrogen-containing base pairs with cytosine in DNA?

Guanine (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does DNA form to orchestrate the cells' protein synthesis processes?

Set of instructions (A) Signup and view all the answers

In eukaryotic cells, where is genetic material found?

Nucleus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?

Providing instructions for determining which protein and how much of it needs to be produced (C) Signup and view all the answers

During transcription, what is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Contains codons that code for specific amino acids (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

Assists in forming peptide bonds between amino acids (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does DNA influence gene regulation?

By controlling which genes are turned on or off in a cell (D) Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if there is a mutation in the DNA sequence related to a protein-coding gene?

It may lead to a change in the amino acid sequence used in translation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome during translation?

mRNA (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step of protein synthesis known as?

Transcription (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do mutations impact protein synthesis?

Mutations can alter the amino acid sequence, affecting protein structure and function (A) Signup and view all the answers

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