Understanding Discourse and Language Defined

Diskurso

• Communication involves conveying information or ideas from one person to another, transmitting and receiving messages via listening and understanding (Lorenzo, et al. 1994), and facilitates interaction and comprehension.

Henry Gleason's Definition of Language

• Language is a systematic structure of spoken sounds chosen and arranged arbitrarily for use by people belonging to a culture.

Systematic Structure of Language

• All languages globally are systematically organized within a specific framework.

Spoken Sound

• Not all sounds are language because not every sound carries meaning.

Language Choice

• The language used is always a deliberate choice.

Arbitrary Nature of Language

• Linguistic sounds, words, and meanings are agreed upon by members of a cultural group.

Language Utility

• Language is a communicative tool that needs continuous utilization.

Cultural Dependence of Language

• Languages differ due to the diversity among cultures of countries and groups.

Language Dynamism

• Language is dynamic, evolving with newly-added vocabulary.

Discourse Definition

• According to Leo James English (2007), discourse pertains to speech and oration; it and culture are interrelated.

Additional Discourse Points

• Discourse is also constructing knowledge and patterns of action, shaping biases and power linked to knowledge gained.
• The English-Filipino dictionary (1948) defines discourse as lengthy writing or speaking.
• It is a formal discussion on a topic, written or spoken, according to Webster's New World Dictionary (1995).

Oral Discourse

• It typically involves face-to-face interaction, emphasizing the importance of spoken words.

Written Discourse

• It requires more caution and care from the writer and cannot be altered post-writing.

Culture definition

• Byram (2008) explained culture comprises shared beliefs, values, and behaviors within a society, from family units to a country's macroscopic levels.

Cultural Elements

• Norms refer to accepted behaviors, actions, or habits.
• Values involve societal standards for acceptable and unacceptable actions.
• Beliefs include accepted perspectives, ideas, or concepts within a society.
• Symbols are tangible items imbued with meaning.
• Language is the communication's most effective method.
• Arts and Literature depict human imaginations.
• Religions consist of human belief and faith concerning people, events or things, particularly regarding deities.

Two Types of Culture

• Material culture refers to tangible objects in the surroundings
• Non-material consists of intangible elements that can be experienced or observed.

Ponolohiya

• It involves learning about the sounds or Ponema and learning Phonetics.

Ponema

• This refers to meaningful sounds and are also called segmental phonemes.

Morpolohiya (Palabuuan)

• It involves the process of word Formation.

Morpema

• This term refers to the smallest word unit.

Morpheme Forms

• Morpemang Ponema – These are morpheme phonemes that consisted of phonemes

• Morpemang Salitang-Ugat – They are considered to be an independent morpheme because of the way it stands.

• Morpemang Panlapi – Iit needs to attach to the root words to have meanings and also known as a binding morphemes

Sintaks (Pala-Ugnayan)

• It is a systematic and orderly arrangement of words to create phrases and sentences.

Semantika (Palasurian/Pagpapakahulugan)

• This is the study of the meaning of word, phrase, or language.

Pragmatik

• It looks at the perspectives of the language and the way people communicate through the language.

Teorya ng Speech Activity (Speech Act Theory)

• It is part of pragmatics that talks and focuses on the belief that when you speak, it means you can move.

Ponemang Segmental

• Study of the meaning of tone or letters to read and pronounce.

Patinig

• They are being articulated with your tongue that is made of part the front, central and back part

Katinig

• They fixed in two articulations.

Paraan ng Artikulasyon

• It means way of explaining how the phoneme of letter is sound.

Punto ng Artikulasyon

• Way of telling where being used to get the air to make phoneme.

/?/ – Impit

• This is never has the same value with other letters. Has a close sound and short stopping sound of air.

Klaster

• A collection of two or more consanants

Diptonggo

• This means that every vowels has semi-syllabic sounds with /w/ or /y/,

Pares-Minimal

• This means a part of the word that can change with one letters but other letters are the same

Ponemang Malayagang Nagpapalitan

• Other phonemes are found but it doesn’t make any chance for any meaning

Ponemang Suprasegmental

• This sounds involved the accent length.

Diin

• This is the emphasis of the word or sentences.

Haba

• This describes the shortness of tones or sounds

Tono

• Meaning it is the of the ways, pronouncing and speaking and expressing it into deep feelings and making it sound better.

Intonasyon

• It means the rise and fall of tone in speaking and telling meanings of any statement.

Hinto/Juncture

• This is a short and quick time to stop when when the speaker is talking.

Antala Points

• A short pause when you speak for more clear message.
• Can be used in symbol of commas.

Impleksyon

• It is a change from the root meanings of word and phrases and not changing the meaning of any word.

Uri Ng Panlapi Sa Wikang Filipino

• Unlapi is affix on infront of the word.
• Gitlapi is in the middle of the word.
• Hulapi is affix on the end of the word.
• Kabillaan affix in the front and end the work.
• Laguhan has an affix in the front, middle and end of the word.

Discourse and Vocabulary

• According to the Constitution of 1987.

Vocabulary

• The Vocabulary refers to the relation of the word.
• It is based on the constitution of 1987 which is XIV, the national language of Philippines. It consists of 80 other major group of languages.

Vocabulary of Relations

• Reiterasyon is to define linaw meaning of word phrase.
• Kolokasyon to be thinking other that would include other language.