Discourse Analysis: Pioneers and Concepts
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Questions and Answers

Who was the first to introduce the term DA for analyzing connected speech?

  • Zellig Harris (correct)
  • J.R. Firth
  • Van Dijk
  • Michael Halliday
  • According to Van Dijk, how can DA be understood?

  • Differently by different language users in different context (correct)
  • Consistently across all language users and contexts
  • Equally by all language users in different context
  • Similarly by different language users in different context
  • According to J.R. Firth, what is needed to understand the meaning of something?

  • Historical context only
  • Linguistic context only
  • Geographical context only
  • Situational and cultural context (correct)
  • What did John Sinclair emphasize should be the key focus in the analysis of meaning?

    <p>Language in the occurring context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the first areas of discourse structure studied by Mitchell (1957)?

    <p>Buying and selling interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major theme explored in The Great Gatsby?

    <p>The critique of materialism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Daisy Buchanan is depicted as a loyal and unwavering character throughout the novel.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who does Gatsby unintentionally harm while driving with Daisy?

    <p>Myrtle Wilson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Jay Gatsby's dream ultimately leads to his ______.

    <p>ruin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the characters with their respective roles in the story:

    <p>Jay Gatsby = Aspiring millionaire Tom Buchanan = Daisy's wealthy husband Myrtle Wilson = Tom's mistress Nick Carraway = The narrator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What literary technique is Fitzgerald celebrated for in The Great Gatsby?

    <p>Lyrical prose and vivid imagery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ending of Gatsby's life is met with a large funeral attended by many friends.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What realization does Nick come to by the end of the novel?

    <p>Contorted dreams can lead to one's ruin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the epigraph of the novel suggest about winning affection?

    <p>Earn wealth and dance to impress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fitzgerald created the character Thomas Parke D’Invilliers to represent modern thinking.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Nick Carraway as a narrator?

    <p>He offers a careful and critical view of the decadent society around him.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term __________ refers to a young woman who challenged social norms in the 1920s.

    <p>flapper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the green light symbolize in The Great Gatsby?

    <p>Gatsby's hope and dreams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gatsby is depicted as a character who successfully recreates his past.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the themes or symbolism with their associated concepts in The Great Gatsby:

    <p>Gold hat = Wealth and superficiality Nick Carraway = Critical observer Flapper = Changing female roles Great War = Crisis of identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major theme explored by Fitzgerald in The Great Gatsby?

    <p>The American Dream's disillusionment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Gatsby’s car in the novel?

    <p>It symbolizes Gatsby's wealth and his desire to impress Daisy, ultimately representing his superficiality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The character of Jimmy Gatz represents the ideal American individual striving for wealth.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Buchanans' house is described as having a lawn that __________ toward the front door.

    <p>ran</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'gold-hatted, high-bouncing lover' imply in the context of the epigraph?

    <p>It implies that superficial displays of wealth and charm are inadequate for true love.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characters with their symbolic representations:

    <p>Gatsby = Hope and aspiration Daisy = Wealth and materialism Tom Buchanan = Old money and privilege Myrtle Wilson = The desire to escape social class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theme is prominently explored in The Great Gatsby?

    <p>The hollow nature of wealth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fitzgerald is known for chronicling the life of __________, a group marked by changing social norms.

    <p>flappers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Fitzgerald’s portrayal of women in The Great Gatsby reflect societal changes?

    <p>Women are depicted as gaining independence and redefining gender roles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fitzgerald's use of imagery in The Great Gatsby enhances the narrative's emotional depth.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Nick Carraway's perspective contribute to the story?

    <p>It provides a reflective and critical viewpoint on Gatsby and the society of the time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gatsby's belief that he can _________ the past illustrates his misunderstanding of time and reality.

    <p>repeat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What literary technique does Fitzgerald prominently use throughout The Great Gatsby?

    <p>Symbolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What societal changes does The Great Gatsby highlight?

    <p>The impact of World War I on youth disillusionment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The character of Gatsby represents the American Dream as achievable.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify one symbol used in The Great Gatsby and explain its significance.

    <p>The green light at the end of Daisy's dock represents Gatsby's hope and dreams for the future.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The character of __________ embodies the new independent female of the 1920s in The Great Gatsby.

    <p>Jordan Baker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the characters from The Great Gatsby with their corresponding traits:

    <p>Jay Gatsby = Self-made millionaire with a tragic flaw Daisy Buchanan = Symbol of wealth and beauty Tom Buchanan = Affluent but morally decayed Jordan Baker = Independent and modern woman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Gatsby's inability to understand how money works in society symbolize?

    <p>Class stratification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fitzgerald portrayed Gatsby as a completely self-aware character regarding his social status.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major theme presented in The Great Gatsby regarding the American Dream?

    <p>Disillusionment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gatsby's elaborate parties serve to highlight the themes of __________ and social stratification.

    <p>wealth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characters with their descriptions in The Great Gatsby:

    <p>Gatsby = A man who embodies the American Dream but is ultimately betrayed by it. Daisy Buchanan = Represents the wealth and social status that Gatsby desires. Tom Buchanan = Embodies the arrogance of the established wealthy class. Nick Carraway = The narrator who reflects on the events and characters with a critical eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What literary device does Fitzgerald primarily use to comment on society in The Great Gatsby?

    <p>Economy of means</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'hauntedness' refers to Gatsby's contentment with his social status.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of American history moved Fitzgerald deeply?

    <p>Innocence and generosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fitzgerald was seen as a novelist of manners, focusing on _____ stratification within society.

    <p>class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Gatsby's character serve as an archetypal figure in the context of the American Dream?

    <p>He is both a believer and a victim of the American Dream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Course Information

    • Course Title: Literature and Society
    • Course Code: ENG712
    • Professor: Magda Haroun
    • University: Ain Shams University
    • Faculty: Arts
    • Year: 2024
    • Location: Cairo

    Table of Contents

    • Introduction: Pages 3-6
    • The Role of Literature in Society: Pages 7-22
    • Literature as a Tool for Social Commentary and Critique: Pages 23-97
    • Power and Ideology in Fahrenheit 451: Pages 98-108
    • Literature and the Environment: Pages 109-123
    • Works Cited: Page 124

    Introduction

    • The course explores the relationship between literature and society.
    • Literature reflects the cultural values, beliefs, and traditions of a society.
    • Literature acts as a tool for social change.

    Intended Learning Outcomes

    • Develop understanding of how literature reflects and shapes society.
    • Analyze and interpret literary texts with cultural and historical awareness.
    • Consider issues of representation in literature, including gender, race, and class.
    • Assess the impact of literature on society and social movements.
    • Develop critical thinking skills for analyzing and evaluating literary works.
    • Foster understanding of different perspectives and experiences through literary texts.
    • Enhance written and oral communication skills via analysis and discussion of literary texts.
    • Explore connections between literature and film/art.
    • Engage in scholarly research and writing on literature and society.
    • Develop an appreciation for the power of language and storytelling.

    Suggested References

    • Attridge, Derek. The Singularity of Literature. Routledge (2004)
    • Luhmann, Niklas. Art as a Social System. Stanford University Press (2000)
    • Rockwell, Joan. Fact in Fiction: The uses of Literature in the systematic study of Society. Routledge (1974)

    Chapter 1: The Role of Literature in Society

    • (1-1) The Impact of Literature: Literature is symbiotic with society; it reflects human emotions, relationships, and cultural dynamics. Society influences literary production.
    • (1-2) Literature within the Context of its Time Period: Literature reflects historical events, cultural shifts, and prevailing ideologies.
    • (1-3) Exemplifications: Examples of how literature reflects and shapes society are given, including: Les Misérables, David Copperfield, and others, highlighting the power of literature to expose societal issues.

    Chapter 2: Literature as a Tool for Social Commentary and Critique

    • (2-1) The Great Gatsby: Explores changes in American society post-World War I, showcasing societal shifts, the pursuit of the American Dream, moral decay, and issues of class, gender, and wealth.
    • (2-2) List of Characters: Introduces key characters from the novel The Great Gatsby.
    • (2-3) Synopsis and Analysis: A detailed summary and analysis of the novel's plot.
    • (2-4) Summary: A concise summary of the main events in the novel.
    • (2-5) Critical Review: An evaluation of the novel's style and literary technique.

    Chapter 3: Power and Ideology in Fahrenheit 451

    • (3-1) Introduction: The novel explores the relationship between literature, societal power structures, and the dangers of censorship.
    • (3-2) Fahrenheit 451: A Dystopia: Describes the characteristics of a dystopian society, including oppressive authority, conformity, and restricted freedom.
    • (3-3) Why Fahrenheit 451 is Supremely Relevant to the Times We Live In: The connection between the story's issues and modern society is highlighted.

    Chapter 4: Literature and the Environment

    • (4-1) Environmental Awareness: Literature's crucial role in advocating for environmental awareness, conservation, and sustainable practices.
    • (4-2) Children's Literature and the Environment: Discusses how children's literature can be used to convey environmental concerns.
    • (4-3) A Synopsis of The Lorax: A summary of the ecological themes in Dr. Seuss's The Lorax.
    • (4-4) A Critical Analysis of The Lorax: A critique of the story's themes through an eco-critical lens.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about pioneers and concepts in discourse analysis. Explore the contributions of Zellig Harris, Van Dijk, and J.R. Firth to the understanding of discourse analysis and language usage in different contexts.

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