12 Questions
What is a common trigger for Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Intake of alcohol or drugs
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Metabolic alkalosis
What is a potential cause of DKA mentioned in the text?
Discontinuation or change in insulin regimen
How is DKA managed?
Fluid and electrolyte management
In the US between 2000 and 2014, what trends were observed regarding DKA?
Increase in hospitalizations and mortality
Why is close monitoring during treatment of DKA critical?
To monitor for potential complications like hypoglycemia and hypokalemia
What is the primary cause of cerebrovascular accidents according to the text?
Hypertension
Which of the following is NOT listed as a risk factor for cerebrovascular accidents?
Regular exercise
What is a common symptom of cerebrovascular accidents as per the text?
Sudden numbness or weakness affecting one side of the body
How are cerebrovascular accidents typically diagnosed?
Using imaging studies like CT scans or MRIs along with clinical assessment
What is the main focus of treatment for cerebrovascular accidents?
Addressing the underlying cause and preventing complications
How can the development of cerebrovascular accidents be prevented?
Through regular exercise and proper diet
Study Notes
Understanding Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Definition
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes. It is characterized by hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), metabolic acidosis (low blood pH due to excess ketones), and ketonuria (presence of ketones in urine).
Triggers and Precipitating Factors
Common triggers for DKA include infections, especially upper respiratory tract infections (e.g., pneumonia and urinary tract infections) and gastrointestinal infections. Other potential causes are:
- New-onset diabetes mellitus
- Discontinuation or change in insulin regimen
- Psychological or physical stress (e.g., heart attack, stroke)
- Trauma and pregnancy
- Intake of alcohol or drugs, particularly cocaine
- Certain medications, such as steroids and diuretics
Prevalence
In the US between 2000 and 2014, there was an increase in hospitalizations and in-hospital mortality associated with DKA. However, overall trends show a decline in death rates from hyperglycemic crisis among adults with diabetes.
Management and Treatment
Management involves the administration of insulin to correct hyperglycemia and acidosis, fluid and electrolyte management, and treatment of underlying causes such as infection. It is critical to maintain close monitoring during treatment, particularly for complications like hypoglycemia and hypokalemia.
Prevention and Education
Patient education is crucial to prevent recurrent episodes of DKA by teaching self-management skills, close monitoring during infection or stress periods, and understanding the importance of timely insulin therapy.
Learn about the definition, triggers, prevalence, management, treatment, prevention, and education related to Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). Understand the critical factors contributing to this potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
