Understanding Customer Needs

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Questions and Answers

Experiences are knowledge or skill which is gained from doing, seeing or feeling ______.

things

Utility means an overall ability of a product to gratify ______ and want.

need

Cost means the ______ of a product.

price

Customer value is the difference between the customer gains from owning and using a product and the ______ of combining the product.

<p>cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

Desired value refers to what the customer ______ in a product or service.

<p>wants</p> Signup and view all the answers

Satisfaction is a person’s feeling of delight or displeasure as a result of comparing a product’s perceived performance in relation to his/her ______.

<p>expectations</p> Signup and view all the answers

Exchange is at the heart of marketing; it is an act of acquiring a preferred product from someone through offering something in ______.

<p>return</p> Signup and view all the answers

Marketing network includes the company and its supporting ______ such as customers, employees, suppliers, and distributors.

<p>stakeholders</p> Signup and view all the answers

Corporate strategies include creating an organizational structure and _____ reduction.

<p>debt</p> Signup and view all the answers

A _____ statement defines the organization’s reason for being and its purpose.

<p>mission</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ethics is rising to the top of the corporate _____ agenda.

<p>corporate</p> Signup and view all the answers

A mission statement should always aim high but it should not be an _____ statement.

<p>impossible</p> Signup and view all the answers

A mission should be _____ enough to lead action.

<p>clear</p> Signup and view all the answers

A mission statement should be _____ for members of the organization and society.

<p>motivating</p> Signup and view all the answers

The philosophy of socially responsible and ethical behavior should be worked out by every company and _____ manager.

<p>marketing</p> Signup and view all the answers

A mission statement, which is indiscriminate, is likely to have little _____.

<p>impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

A marketing ______ is an explanation of the goals needed by a company to accomplish its marketing efforts.

<p>strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ refers to how the company plans to attain its marketing goals and objectives.

<p>marketing plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ is derived from the ancient Greek word 'strategos', meaning 'the general art'.

<p>Strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Peter Drucker distinguished between tactical decisions and ______ decisions.

<p>strategic</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ of a company refers to the extensiveness of its strategic sphere, including the number and types of industries.

<p>scope</p> Signup and view all the answers

Strategies need to specify preferred levels of accomplishment on one or more facets of ______.

<p>performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Every organization has restricted financial and human ______.

<p>resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

Corporate strategy is managed by the ______ level, which is the top level in any organization.

<p>corporate</p> Signup and view all the answers

The geographic placement of production facilities is referred to as ______.

<p>location</p> Signup and view all the answers

The strategic decisions about what products to produce relate to ______.

<p>production</p> Signup and view all the answers

Inventory decisions refer to the means by which ______ are managed.

<p>inventories</p> Signup and view all the answers

Best options for transportation modes are often found by trading off the cost and ______.

<p>inventory decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ethics is likely to center on the individual or marketing group ______, while social responsibility takes into concern the entire consequence of marketing practices in society.

<p>decision</p> Signup and view all the answers

Promotion decisions are made to help inform the target market about the ______.

<p>product</p> Signup and view all the answers

Honesty involves being straightforward in dealings and presenting value and ______.

<p>integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

A combination of various marketing techniques aimed at a common target is referred to as the ______.

<p>promotion mix</p> Signup and view all the answers

Loyal ______ are at the core of every business's success.

<p>customers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Responsibility means accepting results of marketing practices and providing the needs of customers while becoming a good ______ of the environment.

<p>guardian</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fairness requires balancing buyer needs and seller ______ reasonably, avoiding manipulation in all forms.

<p>interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

Personalized everything has transitioned into ______.

<p>mass customization</p> Signup and view all the answers

Respect involves recognizing the basic human ______ of all individuals involved.

<p>dignity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transparency is about forming a character of openness through communication, helpful criticism, ______, and discovery.

<p>action</p> Signup and view all the answers

Market research is the process of gathering data to find out whether a particular product/service will fulfill the needs of ______.

<p>customers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Operational excellence is a strategy intended to achieve cost leadership and is best for markets where customers value cost over ______.

<p>choice</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company's ______ seeks to outline where it is headed and what values are guiding that journey.

<p>vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ can be written as simple as a single sentence or can be lengthy as a short paragraph.

<p>vision statement</p> Signup and view all the answers

Setting up the ______ is the first task done by marketing managers.

<p>objective</p> Signup and view all the answers

Competitive advantage is a gain over competitors achieved by offering consumers greater ______.

<p>value</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cost competitive advantage occurs when a company is able to utilize its skilled ______.

<p>workforce</p> Signup and view all the answers

Market Penetration involves a company using a ______ when it decides to market current products.

<p>strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intensive growth strategies in business also include ______, where a company will sell new products to new markets.

<p>diversification</p> Signup and view all the answers

Product/service differentiation is another way that companies can have a competitive ______ in the marketplace.

<p>advantage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Customer Value

The difference between customer gains from using a product and the cost of buying it.

Perceived Value

The benefit a customer believes they receive after a purchase.

Satisfaction

A person's feeling (delight or displeasure) after evaluating how a product performed compared to their expectations.

Exchange

An act of getting a product from someone by offering something in return.

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Marketing Network

A system of relationships with stakeholders, including a company, customers, employees, and suppliers.

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Market

All potential customers who need or want a product and are willing/able to exchange for it.

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Relationship Marketing

Building long-term, profitable relationships with customers and other important groups.

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Marketing

Process where individuals and groups satisfy needs and wants by creating and exchanging products.

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Marketing Ethics

Ethical principles guiding individual or group marketing decisions, focusing on the actions themselves and their impact.

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Market Research

Gathering data to understand if a product/service meets customer needs.

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Competitive Advantage

A company's distinct edge compared to competitors, from internal or external sources.

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Operational Excellence

Competitive strategy focusing on cost leadership in markets valuing cost over choice.

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Product Leadership

Competitive strategy focused on creating superior quality products continuously.

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Marketing Responsibility

Taking ownership of customer needs and environmental impact.

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Marketing Fairness

Balancing buyer & seller interests; avoiding manipulation and protecting information.

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Marketing Transparency

Open and communicative marketing practices.

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Location (Marketing)

The geographic placement of production, stocking, and sourcing points for a business.

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Production (Marketing)

Strategic decisions about what products a company will produce.

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Inventory Decisions

How a company manages its inventory (stock of goods).

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Customer Experience

The overall impression a customer has when interacting with a company.

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Personalized Everything

The trend of individualizing mass-produced products.

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Video Content Marketing

Using video in marketing efforts to promote products or services.

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Social Media Marketing

Using social media platforms to connect with customers and promote products or services.

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Engaged Analytics

Using metrics to understand and improve marketing efforts.

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Marketing Strategy

A plan explaining the goals a company needs to reach its marketing objectives.

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Marketing Plan

The specific actions a company will take to achieve its marketing goals.

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Corporate Strategy

Strategies managed by the highest level of an organization, focusing on profitability.

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Business Level Strategy

Strategies of individual business units within a company, administered independently.

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Functional Strategies

Strategies within individual departments of a business unit, supporting the business level strategy.

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Strategy Origins

The origin of the word 'strategy' lies in the Greek word 'strategos', meaning 'the general's art'.

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Strategic vs Tactical Decisions

Peter Drucker differentiated strategic decisions, concerning goals and where to focus, and tactical decisions, concerning how to allocate resources.

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Strategy Components

A strategy encompasses scope (company's business breadth), goals/objectives (desired performance levels), resource deployment (managing and allocating resources), and synergy (the balance and reinforcement between aspects).

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Corporate Mission

A statement of a company's purpose or what it aims to achieve.

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Mission Statement

Formal statement of an organization's reason for being and its goals.

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Corporate Strategies

Actions a company takes to achieve its goals, including organizational structure and debt reduction.

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Ethics in Business

Moral principles that guide decision-making within a company.

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Feasible Mission

A mission statement that is realistic and achievable.

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Precise Mission

A clear and specific mission statement, not too narrow.

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Motivating Mission

A mission statement that inspires and encourages employees.

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Distinctive Mission

A mission statement that sets a company apart from others.

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Company Vision

A description of a company's future direction and guiding values.

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Marketing Objectives

Goals a business aims to achieve through marketing efforts.

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Competitive Advantage

Superior value offered to consumers compared to competitors.

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Cost Competitive Advantage

Gaining an edge by offering similar products at lower costs.

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Market Penetration

Selling more of the existing products to current customers.

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Market Development

Expanding sales of existing products to new markets.

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Product Development

Creating new products for existing or new markets.

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Diversification

Selling new products to new markets.

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Study Notes

Customer Needs

  • Existing need: A readily obtainable, short-term customer need.
  • Latent need: A need that exists but hasn't been expressed due to a lack of a product to fulfill it.
  • Incipient need: A desired need where no product currently exists to fulfill it.
  • Wants: Desires for specific products, shaped by culture and personal preferences.
  • Demand: The desire for a particular product, backed by the ability and willingness to purchase it.
  • No Demand: A lack of desire for a product, often due to customers avoiding the product.
  • Latent Demand: A demand for a product or service that isn't actually realized until a product offering satisfies the demand.
  • Declining Demand: A decrease in consumer demand over a period of time, despite ongoing demand for the product.
  • Irregular Demand: Unpredictable or inconsistent demand levels.
  • Full Demand: A situation where the demand for a product matches the supply available.
  • Overfull Demand: When consumer demand exceeds the supply capacity.
  • Unwholesome Demand: Demand for a product with negative characteristics or harmful attributes.

Marketing Concepts

  • Marketing: The offering of products, services, information, or experiences to meet customer needs and wants.
  • Product: Anything offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use, or consumption.
  • Service: An activity or benefit offered to the buyer, normally intangible, not resulting in ownership of anything.
  • Experience: Knowledge or skill gained from doing, seeing, or feeling things.
  • Utility: A product's overall ability to meet needs and wants.
  • Cost: The monetary value of a product.
  • Customer Value: The difference between the customer's gains and the cost of a product.
  • Desired Value: The customer's benefit expectations from a product.
  • Perceived Value: The customer's personal assessment of a product's benefit after purchasing it.
  • Satisfaction: The feeling of pleasure or displeasure resulting from comparing a product to its customer expectations.
  • Exchange: Acquiring a desired product in exchange for something of value.

Marketing Management

  • Transaction: A simple or complex decision or commitment.
  • Relationship Marketing: Building enduring, successful relationships with important parties.
  • Marketing Network: A system combining the company with key stakeholders.
  • Market: Potential customers sharing a need or want, and willing/able to participate in an exchange.
  • Marketer: A person looking for buyers to participate in exchange.
  • Prospect: A potential buyer considered by the marketer.

Marketing Management

  • Marketing Management: The planning, implementation and control of programs to cultivate desirable exchanges and relationships.
  • Conversional Marketing: Changing negative to positive demand; aimed at products or services most disliked.
  • Stimulational Marketing: Turning latent or non existent demand; product or services not yet familiar.
  • Developmental Marketing: Encouraging demand for a product or service that will benefit from growth or development.
  • Remarketing: Reviving interest when demand for a product has decreased.
  • Synchromarketing: Aligning demand patterns with supply.
  • Maintenance Marketing: Keeping demand at a stable level.
  • Demand Marketing: Stimulating demand to match supply.
  • Counter Marketing: Reducing demand to levels more manageable.
  • Marketing Strategy: The plan for achieving company goals and objectives.
  • Marketing Plan: Details how a company will achieve its marketing plan.
  • Strategy: Ancient Greek word meaning "the art of the general"

Marketing Strategy

  • Ethics: A company's social responsibility, including individual and organizational issues.
  • Honesty: Integrity and trustworthiness in business dealings
  • Respect: Recognizing dignity and treating all involved parties with respect.
  • Fairness: Balancing participant needs, transparency and avoiding manipulation.
  • Corporate Strategy: Top-level management decisions for the entire organization.
  • Business Level Strategy: Decisions focusing on specific operational units or areas within a business.
  • Functional Strategy: Decisions by the various operational departments.
  • Corporate Mission: A reason for the organization's existence.
  • Mission Statement: A written declaration of purpose.
  • Philosophy: The company's values regarding ethical practices.
  • Values and Culture: Shared principles and behaviours within the organization.
  • Vision: Desired future condition for the organization and stakeholders.

Marketing Processes

  • Production Decisions: The kinds of products to be created.
  • Inventory Decisions: Strategies for managing inventory levels.
  • Transportation Decisions: Options for distributing products.
  • Promotion Decisions: Ways to make products more appealing to customers.
  • Marketing Controls: Ongoing assessment of effectiveness and course correction.
  • Marketing Analytics: Measurement and analysis of marketing performance.
  • New Delivery Methods: New ways for products and services to be delivered to customers.

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