Culture, Society & Politics - Lesson 2 Quiz & Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of culture as provided by E.B. Tylor?

'that complex whole which encompasses physical objects and systems'

'a system of laws and governance that binds society together'

'that complex whole which encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society' (correct)

'a collection of tangible items and technologies used by society'

Which of the following examples illustrates material culture?

Language and symbols

Beliefs about morality

Social norms and values

Artworks and tools (correct)

What are folkways in the context of cultural norms?

Moral obligations that dictate right from wrong

The legal standards enforced by law

Habitual behaviors considered polite or rude (correct)

Abstract ideas that guide individuals in society

Which element of culture is defined as shared ideas about what is right or wrong?

Values Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes language as an element of culture?

A set of symbols that facilitates communication Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of culture?

Static Signup and view all the answers

In the context of culture, what do the mores represent?

Ethical standards that dictate morality Signup and view all the answers

The process of socialization includes which of the following aspects?

Learning appropriate values and actions as a member of society Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the process of a child learning and incorporating the culture of their society?

Enculturation Signup and view all the answers

What is the belief that one's own culture is superior to others called?

Ethnocentrism Signup and view all the answers

Which term represents a strong belief that one's own culture is inferior to others?

Xenocentrism Signup and view all the answers

What is the fear of what is perceived as foreign or strange called?

Xenophobia Signup and view all the answers

Which approach to sociology focuses on the qualitative differences between societies?

Cultural Relativism Signup and view all the answers

What concept promotes the acceptance of cultural diversity within a society?

Multiculturalism Signup and view all the answers

What defines cultural sensitivity?

Awareness and acceptance of cultural differences with critical engagement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following behaviors is considered a folkway?

Saying 'thank you' Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Understanding Culture

Culture comprises beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and shared experiences within a society (E.B. Tylor, 1920).
Material culture includes tangible objects such as houses, churches, tools, artworks, and toys.
Non-material culture encompasses abstract ideas, including language, behaviors, beliefs, and values.

Elements of Culture

Values: Shared standards defining right/wrong and good/bad behaviors.
Beliefs: Accepted perceptions of reality.
Norms: Rules of conduct that guide behaviors in society.
- Folkways: Habits distinguishing between rude and polite behaviors.
- Mores: Ethical standards determining right from wrong.
- Laws: Norms that are formally enacted and enforced.
Symbols: Items that convey meaning or represent ideas.
Language: A system of symbols for verbal and non-verbal communication.

Characteristics of Culture

Culture is regarded as learned, symbolic, integrated, shared, and all-encompassing (E.B. Tylor, 1871).

Key Concepts

Socialization: Lifelong process through which individuals learn society's values and actions.
Enculturation: Process by which a child learns and integrates into their society's culture.
Ethnocentrism: View that one’s own culture is superior to others (Kottak, 2012).
Xenocentrism: Belief in the inferiority of one’s own culture compared to others.
Xenophobia: Fear of what is perceived as foreign or strange.
Cultural Relativism: Understanding other cultures through their own standards and values; stresses the unique logic of each society (Eriksen, 2001).
Multiculturalism: Acknowledgment and promotion of cultural diversity within society.
Cultural Sensitivity: Awareness and acceptance of cultural differences, fostering critical engagement with diversity.

Societal Study Approaches

Structural-Functional Approach: Examines societal functions and structures.
Social-Conflict Approach: Focuses on power dynamics and conflicts within society.
Symbolic Interaction Approach: Analyzes daily interactions and symbols in society.
Macro and Micro Level of Analysis: Differentiates between broad societal patterns and individual interactions.

Quiz on Norms

Identify the following behaviors based on norms (F=Folkway, M=Mores, L=Law):
- Murdering an enemy: M
- Saying "thank you": F
- Talking while someone else is talking: F
- Robbing a bank: L
- Taking illegal drugs: L
- Offering a seat to an elderly: F
- Wearing highly revealing clothes in church: M
- Following dress codes: F
- Living with a partner without marriage: M
- Eating prohibited food: M

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Description

This quiz covers the essential concepts of culture, society, and politics as presented in Lesson 2. Explore the complexity of culture and its various categories, including material culture and its significance in social contexts. Test your understanding of how culture influences everyday life.