Understanding Counterfactuals and the Potential Outcomes Framework
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Questions and Answers

How is a counterfactual related to causal inference?

  • It allows researchers to estimate the causal effect of a treatment or intervention (correct)
  • It helps in identifying correlations between variables
  • It provides the statistical variance of the data
  • It is used to calculate the mean effect size in a study

    • What characterizes a counterfactual outcome in the context of the Rubin Causal Model?

  • It is the outcome that would have been observed if a unit received a different treatment (correct)
  • It is the least likely outcome predicted by the model
  • It is an outcome that has no relation to treatment effects
  • It is the most common outcome observed in a study

    • Why are counterfactuals important in various fields such as history and social sciences?

  • To quantify the direct effects of variables on outcomes
  • To provide accurate predictions about future events
  • To analyze what could have happened if past events unfolded differently (correct)
  • To simplify complex data analysis processes

    • What are the things you want to explain or predict in a regression analysis?

    <p>Dependent variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In regression equations, what does the term 'β' represent in econometrics notation?

    <p>Coefficient for the causal effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statistical method is used to estimate unobservable counterfactual outcomes?

    <p>Propensity score matching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do sliders represent as metaphors for regression coefficients?

    <p>Continuous variables that show the causal effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which variables are manipulated or observed to see their effect on the outcome variable in a study?

    <p>Independent variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '0' represent in the statistical flavor notation of a regression equation?

    <p>Y-intercept of the regression line</p> Signup and view all the answers

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