Understanding Corruption and its Impacts

Political Exposed Persons (PEPs) are individuals who hold positions that are less susceptible to corruption.

Bribery can only occur in the public sector, such as public officials accepting bribes.

Nepotism and favoritism involve individuals receiving favors, positions or benefits based on merit rather than personal relationships.

Corruption can hinder economic development.

Nepotism involves favoring family members or friends, while favoritism focuses on favoring specific individuals based on objective criteria.

Fraud and embezzlement involve the misuse of financial resources, falsification of documents, and deception for personal gain.

Clientelism refers to the use of political power to grant favors and benefits to individuals or groups who show disloyalty to political leaders.

Abuse of office involves government officials using their powers and influence for personal gain, such as accepting bribes and manipulating procedures.

The oil and gas sector is considered a low-risk sector for corruption due to its relatively small size and limited financial interests.

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The new energy industry is considered at increased risk of money laundering due to its complex financial structures and investment mechanisms.

Environmental pollution in the oil and gas sector is directly covered under the Prevention of Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Act.

The extensive financial interests involved in the oil and gas industry create an environment where corruption can thrive.

The new energy sector typically requires low investment and involvement of major players, making it less attractive for corruption.