Chp. 37
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Questions and Answers

What is the first line of defense in acute respiratory distress according to the text?

  • Arformoterol
  • Albuterol (correct)
  • Metproterenol
  • Salmeterol

    • Which inhaler should never be given more than twice daily according to the text?

  • Levalbuterol
  • Salmeterol (correct)
  • Formoterol
  • Terbutaline

    • What is the most commonly used short-acting beta inhaler according to the text?

  • Terbutaline
  • Albuterol (correct)
  • Metproterenol
  • Arformoterol

    • Which medication is specifically for rapid onset of respiratory episodes like asthma attacks?

    <p>Levalbuterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of medication should never be used for acute treatment according to the text?

    <p>Formoterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which inhaler is a short-acting beta-2 specific bronchodilating beta agonist?

    <p>Levalbuterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bronchodilator stimulates both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors?

    <p>Metaproterenol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of xanthine derivatives like theophylline?

    <p>Increased airflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is commonly associated with anticholinergics?

    <p>Dry mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should theophylline not be used according to the text?

    <p>For management of acute asthma attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of corticosteroids in pulmonary diseases?

    <p>Anti-inflammatory effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used as an adjunct therapy in the management of COPD?

    <p>Theophylline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of ipratropium (Atrovent) according to the text?

    <p>Reduction of secretions in COPD patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Vilanterol in conjunction with fluticasone' is known by which trade name mentioned in the text?

    <p>Breo Ellipta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Beta-adrenergic agonists?

    <p>Prevention of bronchoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using inhaled corticosteroids?

    <p>To control inflammatory responses in bronchospastic disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What interaction does the text mention regarding xanthine derivatives like theophylline for diabetics?

    <p>It changes an enzyme in the pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of inhaled corticosteroids?

    <p>Reduce inflammation and enhance beta-agonist activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should systemic corticosteroids be used in asthma treatment?

    <p>For acute exacerbations or severe asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for using inhaled corticosteroids?

    <p>Positive sputum test for Candida organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should patients prevent oral fungal infections when using inhaled corticosteroids?

    <p>Gargle and rinse with lukewarm water after each use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about inhaled corticosteroids is true?

    <p>They may take several weeks before full effects are seen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of educating a patient who smokes and is diagnosed with COPD?

    <p>To educate them on quitting smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these disorders are inhaled corticosteroids primarily used to treat?

    <p>Bronchospastic disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is known to stimulate both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors?

    <p>Metaproterenol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of anticholinergics like Ipratropium?

    <p>Prevent bronchoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect associated with xanthine derivatives like Theophylline?

    <p>Hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which inhaler should be used as an adjunct therapy in the management of COPD?

    <p>Anoro Ellipta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for advising against caffeine consumption while taking Theophylline?

    <p>May increase heart palpitations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication should not be used for the management of acute asthma attacks?

    <p>Theophylline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using corticosteroids in pulmonary diseases?

    <p>Reduce inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Anoro Ellipta' contains a combination of which two active ingredients?

    <p>Umeclidinium and vilanterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is typically associated with selective beta-2 drugs like albuterol?

    <p>Tremors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of anticholinergics binding to ACh receptors?

    <p>Bronchoconstriction prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of xanthine derivatives like Theophylline?

    <p>Relax smooth muscles and cause bronchodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication should be dosed twice daily and helps reduce secretions in COPD patients?

    <p>Ipratropium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of COPD?

    <p>Recurrent shortness of breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is considered the first line of defense in acute respiratory distress?

    <p>Levalbuterol (Xopenex)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most commonly used short-acting beta inhaler for acute episodes?

    <p>Albuterol (Ventolin,ProAir)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using LABAs (Long-acting beta agonist inhalers)?

    <p>As maintenance medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug should never be exceeded beyond one puff twice daily according to the text?

    <p>Salmeterol (Serevent)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what condition should SABAs (Short-acting beta inhalers) NOT be used frequently?

    <p>When systemic effects are desired</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Albuterol (Ventolin,ProAir) in treating respiratory episodes?

    <p>To provide rapid relief from shortness of breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of exceeding the maximum daily dose of Salmeterol (Serevent)?

    <p>Worsening of systemic side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between SABAs and LABAs according to the text?

    <p>SABAs are never used for acute treatment, LABAs are maintenance medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Terbutaline (Brethine) as mentioned in the text?

    <p>To provide rapid relief from respiratory episodes like asthma attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of using Arformoterol (Brovana) for acute treatment?

    <p>Excessive systemic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of inhaled corticosteroids?

    <p>Reducing inflammation in bronchospastic disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should systemic corticosteroids typically be used in asthma treatment?

    <p>For treating acute exacerbations or severe asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of inhaled corticosteroids?

    <p>Reducing inflammation by controlling inflammatory responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common contraindication for using inhaled corticosteroids?

    <p>Positive sputum test for Candida organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is patient education important for those diagnosed with COPD and are smokers?

    <p>To reduce the need for urgent medical interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acute Respiratory Distress

    • Short-acting beta agonists (SABAs) are considered the first line of defense.
    • Albuterol is the most commonly used short-acting beta inhaler for acute episodes.
    • Salmeterol (Serevent) should not exceed one puff twice daily.

    Inhalers and Medications

    • Ipratropium (Atrovent) should be used as adjunct therapy in COPD management.
    • LABAs (long-acting beta agonists) serve to maintain bronchodilation over an extended period.
    • Terbutaline (Brethine) functions primarily as a bronchodilator.

    Specific Medication Functions

    • Theophylline, a xanthine derivative, enhances airways by relaxing bronchial muscles.
    • Rapid-onset medications specifically target acute asthma attacks.
    • Anticholinergics like Ipratropium primarily block ACh receptors to induce bronchodilation.

    Corticosteroids

    • Corticosteroids reduce inflammation in pulmonary diseases and are used systemically during severe asthma exacerbations.
    • Inhaled corticosteroids are not indicated for acute asthma treatment and should be cautiously monitored for oral fungal infections.

    Adverse Effects and Interactions

    • Common adverse effects of anticholinergics include dry mouth.
    • Theophylline may interact negatively with caffeine.
    • Xanthine derivatives like Theophylline can cause restlessness and insomnia.

    Mechanisms of Action

    • Inhaled corticosteroids function by reducing inflammation in the airways.
    • Xanthine derivatives promote relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle by inhibiting phosphodiesterase.

    Contraindications and Precautions

    • Inhaled corticosteroids are contraindicated in patients with active tuberculosis.
    • SABAs should not be used frequently as they may indicate poorly controlled asthma.

    Common Conditions and Patient Education

    • Inhaled corticosteroids are primarily used for asthma and COPD management.
    • Educating patients who smoke with COPD is vital for improving overall health outcomes and disease management.

    Combination Drugs

    • 'Anoro Ellipta' contains a combination of umeclidinium and vilanterol.
    • 'Vilanterol with fluticasone' is another formulation for maintaining respiratory health.

    Summary of Beta Agonists

    • Beta-adrenergic agonists stimulate beta receptors leading to bronchodilation.
    • Short-acting agents are designed for quick relief, while long-acting agents are for ongoing control.

    Additional Notes

    • Caution is necessary when using drugs like Arformoterol (Brovana) for acute symptoms due to potential severe side effects.
    • Theophylline is not recommended for acute asthma attacks; other bronchodilators are preferred in these instances.

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    Description

    Learn about COPD, a condition characterized by recurrent and reversible shortness of breath, caused by narrowing of the airways due to bronchospasms, inflammation, and mucus production. Explore the use of SABAs like Albuterol as rescue inhalers in acute episodes.

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