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Questions and Answers
What is the first line of defense in acute respiratory distress according to the text?
What is the first line of defense in acute respiratory distress according to the text?
- Arformoterol
- Albuterol (correct)
- Metproterenol
- Salmeterol
Which inhaler should never be given more than twice daily according to the text?
Which inhaler should never be given more than twice daily according to the text?
- Levalbuterol
- Salmeterol (correct)
- Formoterol
- Terbutaline
What is the most commonly used short-acting beta inhaler according to the text?
What is the most commonly used short-acting beta inhaler according to the text?
- Terbutaline
- Albuterol (correct)
- Metproterenol
- Arformoterol
Which medication is specifically for rapid onset of respiratory episodes like asthma attacks?
Which medication is specifically for rapid onset of respiratory episodes like asthma attacks?
Which type of medication should never be used for acute treatment according to the text?
Which type of medication should never be used for acute treatment according to the text?
Which inhaler is a short-acting beta-2 specific bronchodilating beta agonist?
Which inhaler is a short-acting beta-2 specific bronchodilating beta agonist?
Which type of bronchodilator stimulates both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors?
Which type of bronchodilator stimulates both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors?
What is the main effect of xanthine derivatives like theophylline?
What is the main effect of xanthine derivatives like theophylline?
Which adverse effect is commonly associated with anticholinergics?
Which adverse effect is commonly associated with anticholinergics?
When should theophylline not be used according to the text?
When should theophylline not be used according to the text?
What is the main function of corticosteroids in pulmonary diseases?
What is the main function of corticosteroids in pulmonary diseases?
Which drug is used as an adjunct therapy in the management of COPD?
Which drug is used as an adjunct therapy in the management of COPD?
What is the primary purpose of ipratropium (Atrovent) according to the text?
What is the primary purpose of ipratropium (Atrovent) according to the text?
'Vilanterol in conjunction with fluticasone' is known by which trade name mentioned in the text?
'Vilanterol in conjunction with fluticasone' is known by which trade name mentioned in the text?
What is the primary function of Beta-adrenergic agonists?
What is the primary function of Beta-adrenergic agonists?
What is the primary purpose of using inhaled corticosteroids?
What is the primary purpose of using inhaled corticosteroids?
What interaction does the text mention regarding xanthine derivatives like theophylline for diabetics?
What interaction does the text mention regarding xanthine derivatives like theophylline for diabetics?
What is the mechanism of action of inhaled corticosteroids?
What is the mechanism of action of inhaled corticosteroids?
When should systemic corticosteroids be used in asthma treatment?
When should systemic corticosteroids be used in asthma treatment?
What is a contraindication for using inhaled corticosteroids?
What is a contraindication for using inhaled corticosteroids?
How should patients prevent oral fungal infections when using inhaled corticosteroids?
How should patients prevent oral fungal infections when using inhaled corticosteroids?
Which of the following statements about inhaled corticosteroids is true?
Which of the following statements about inhaled corticosteroids is true?
What is the main purpose of educating a patient who smokes and is diagnosed with COPD?
What is the main purpose of educating a patient who smokes and is diagnosed with COPD?
Which of these disorders are inhaled corticosteroids primarily used to treat?
Which of these disorders are inhaled corticosteroids primarily used to treat?
Which drug is known to stimulate both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors?
Which drug is known to stimulate both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors?
What is the primary purpose of anticholinergics like Ipratropium?
What is the primary purpose of anticholinergics like Ipratropium?
What is a common adverse effect associated with xanthine derivatives like Theophylline?
What is a common adverse effect associated with xanthine derivatives like Theophylline?
Which inhaler should be used as an adjunct therapy in the management of COPD?
Which inhaler should be used as an adjunct therapy in the management of COPD?
What is the main reason for advising against caffeine consumption while taking Theophylline?
What is the main reason for advising against caffeine consumption while taking Theophylline?
Which medication should not be used for the management of acute asthma attacks?
Which medication should not be used for the management of acute asthma attacks?
What is the primary purpose of using corticosteroids in pulmonary diseases?
What is the primary purpose of using corticosteroids in pulmonary diseases?
'Anoro Ellipta' contains a combination of which two active ingredients?
'Anoro Ellipta' contains a combination of which two active ingredients?
Which adverse effect is typically associated with selective beta-2 drugs like albuterol?
Which adverse effect is typically associated with selective beta-2 drugs like albuterol?
What is the primary effect of anticholinergics binding to ACh receptors?
What is the primary effect of anticholinergics binding to ACh receptors?
What is the primary function of xanthine derivatives like Theophylline?
What is the primary function of xanthine derivatives like Theophylline?
Which medication should be dosed twice daily and helps reduce secretions in COPD patients?
Which medication should be dosed twice daily and helps reduce secretions in COPD patients?
What is the primary characteristic of COPD?
What is the primary characteristic of COPD?
Which medication is considered the first line of defense in acute respiratory distress?
Which medication is considered the first line of defense in acute respiratory distress?
What is the most commonly used short-acting beta inhaler for acute episodes?
What is the most commonly used short-acting beta inhaler for acute episodes?
What is the purpose of using LABAs (Long-acting beta agonist inhalers)?
What is the purpose of using LABAs (Long-acting beta agonist inhalers)?
Which drug should never be exceeded beyond one puff twice daily according to the text?
Which drug should never be exceeded beyond one puff twice daily according to the text?
In what condition should SABAs (Short-acting beta inhalers) NOT be used frequently?
In what condition should SABAs (Short-acting beta inhalers) NOT be used frequently?
What is the primary role of Albuterol (Ventolin,ProAir) in treating respiratory episodes?
What is the primary role of Albuterol (Ventolin,ProAir) in treating respiratory episodes?
What is a possible consequence of exceeding the maximum daily dose of Salmeterol (Serevent)?
What is a possible consequence of exceeding the maximum daily dose of Salmeterol (Serevent)?
What is the main difference between SABAs and LABAs according to the text?
What is the main difference between SABAs and LABAs according to the text?
What is the primary function of Terbutaline (Brethine) as mentioned in the text?
What is the primary function of Terbutaline (Brethine) as mentioned in the text?
What is a potential consequence of using Arformoterol (Brovana) for acute treatment?
What is a potential consequence of using Arformoterol (Brovana) for acute treatment?
What is the primary purpose of inhaled corticosteroids?
What is the primary purpose of inhaled corticosteroids?
When should systemic corticosteroids typically be used in asthma treatment?
When should systemic corticosteroids typically be used in asthma treatment?
Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of inhaled corticosteroids?
Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of inhaled corticosteroids?
What is a common contraindication for using inhaled corticosteroids?
What is a common contraindication for using inhaled corticosteroids?
Why is patient education important for those diagnosed with COPD and are smokers?
Why is patient education important for those diagnosed with COPD and are smokers?
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Study Notes
Acute Respiratory Distress
- Short-acting beta agonists (SABAs) are considered the first line of defense.
- Albuterol is the most commonly used short-acting beta inhaler for acute episodes.
- Salmeterol (Serevent) should not exceed one puff twice daily.
Inhalers and Medications
- Ipratropium (Atrovent) should be used as adjunct therapy in COPD management.
- LABAs (long-acting beta agonists) serve to maintain bronchodilation over an extended period.
- Terbutaline (Brethine) functions primarily as a bronchodilator.
Specific Medication Functions
- Theophylline, a xanthine derivative, enhances airways by relaxing bronchial muscles.
- Rapid-onset medications specifically target acute asthma attacks.
- Anticholinergics like Ipratropium primarily block ACh receptors to induce bronchodilation.
Corticosteroids
- Corticosteroids reduce inflammation in pulmonary diseases and are used systemically during severe asthma exacerbations.
- Inhaled corticosteroids are not indicated for acute asthma treatment and should be cautiously monitored for oral fungal infections.
Adverse Effects and Interactions
- Common adverse effects of anticholinergics include dry mouth.
- Theophylline may interact negatively with caffeine.
- Xanthine derivatives like Theophylline can cause restlessness and insomnia.
Mechanisms of Action
- Inhaled corticosteroids function by reducing inflammation in the airways.
- Xanthine derivatives promote relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle by inhibiting phosphodiesterase.
Contraindications and Precautions
- Inhaled corticosteroids are contraindicated in patients with active tuberculosis.
- SABAs should not be used frequently as they may indicate poorly controlled asthma.
Common Conditions and Patient Education
- Inhaled corticosteroids are primarily used for asthma and COPD management.
- Educating patients who smoke with COPD is vital for improving overall health outcomes and disease management.
Combination Drugs
- 'Anoro Ellipta' contains a combination of umeclidinium and vilanterol.
- 'Vilanterol with fluticasone' is another formulation for maintaining respiratory health.
Summary of Beta Agonists
- Beta-adrenergic agonists stimulate beta receptors leading to bronchodilation.
- Short-acting agents are designed for quick relief, while long-acting agents are for ongoing control.
Additional Notes
- Caution is necessary when using drugs like Arformoterol (Brovana) for acute symptoms due to potential severe side effects.
- Theophylline is not recommended for acute asthma attacks; other bronchodilators are preferred in these instances.
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