40 Questions
What is the main difference between hail and ice pellets?
Hail growth is inhibited during low surface temperatures, but ice pellets generally fall in cold weather.
Which type of humidity is based on the actual amount of water vapor present in the air?
Absolute Humidity
What does humidity indicate the likelihood for?
Precipitation, dew, or fog
How is absolute humidity mathematically expressed?
Ratio of mass of water vapor to mass of dry air
Which form of solid precipitation is often confused with hail?
Ice pellets
What inhibits hail growth?
Low surface temperatures
What is the main purpose of constant pressure gas thermometers?
Adjusting other thermometers
Which form of precipitation consists of liquid water drops smaller than those of rain?
Drizzle
What is the composition of sleet?
A mixture of rain and partially melted snow
Which of the following is responsible for depositing most of the fresh water on Earth?
Rain
What is the diameter range for drizzle droplets?
< 0.5 mm
Which type of thermometer is often used to adjust other thermometers due to its precision?
Constant pressure gas thermometer
In which hemisphere do the westerlies blow more robust and constant?
Southern hemisphere
Which wind system is characterized by winds that blow from land to sea, carrying no moisture?
Land Breeze
What is the direction in which Polar easterlies blow in the Northern Hemisphere?
Northeast to southwest
Which belt do the Westerlies blow from?
Sub-polar low-pressure belts
What term is commonly used to refer to the Westerlies' winds in specific latitudes?
Furious Forties
Which type of wind system periodically reverses direction between summer and winter?
Monsoon winds
Where do Monsoons usually flow from in winter?
Land to water
What feature forms the basis of the monsoon in the Indian subcontinent?
Himalayan wall
Which wind system blows from high-pressure polar areas of sub-polar lows?
Polar Easterlies
What are the winds called when they blow as northeastern trades in the Northern hemisphere?
Southeastern trades
What are the Westerlies known as in specific latitudes?
Howling Sixties, Raging Forties, Roaring Thirties
In which direction do Polar Easterlies blow in the Southern Hemisphere?
Southeast to Northwest
What is the main characteristic of Monsoon winds in low-latitude climates?
Periodic reversal of direction
Where do Land Breezes typically blow from?
Land to sea
What forms the basis of the monsoon in the Indian subcontinent?
Temperature difference over large oceans
Which winds are characterized as 'cold, dry permanent winds'?
Polar Easterlies
What instrument is used to measure atmospheric pressure?
Barometer
Which physical quantity does atmospheric pressure decrease with at higher elevations?
Air density
What is the standard unit for measuring pressure mentioned in the passage?
Pascal
What is the primary cause of trade winds blowing from the right in the Northern hemisphere?
Coriolis effect
Which type of wind is characterized by local breezes generated by heating of land surfaces?
Local winds
What is the main factor responsible for differentiating global winds on Earth?
Distribution of land and water
What does relative humidity measure?
Amount of water vapor relative to the air's saturation point
How is specific humidity calculated?
Ratio of the mass of water vapor in an air parcel to the mass of dry air
What happens to relative humidity as temperature increases?
It decreases
Which type of wind is generated by the heating of land surfaces?
Local breezes
What does specific humidity approximately equal?
Mixing ratio
In what units is absolute humidity expressed?
$kg/m^3$
Explore the principles of constant pressure gas thermometers, including their operation and precision, and the concept of precipitation in climatology, covering its definition and main forms. This quiz bridges the gap between advanced physical instrumentation and fundamental climatological concepts, testing your knowledge on how atmospheric conditions are measured and analyzed.
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