Understanding Computer Networks
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Understanding Computer Networks

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Questions and Answers

What does a Local Area Network (LAN) primarily consist of?

  • Computers connected over large distances
  • Wireless devices only
  • Nearby computers and devices (correct)
  • Wired devices only

    • A Wide Area Network (WAN) can consist of a single Local Area Network (LAN).

    False

    What is the primary function of Ethernet?

    To communicate devices over a wired network.

    WLAN is a term for any wireless network, while __________ is a specific type of WLAN.

    <p>Wi-Fi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to network communication:

    <p>Ethernet = Communication over wires Wireless = Communication through radio waves LAN = Nearby connected devices WAN = Connected LANs over large distances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a Local Area Network?

    <p>A network connecting devices in a limited area or location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All WLANs are types of Wi-Fi networks.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology was developed in the late 1990s for network communication?

    <p>Wireless communication using radio waves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a router?

    <p>Choose the quickest path for data to travel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A private IP address can be accessed directly over the internet.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of IP address is assigned by an internet service provider (ISP)?

    <p>Public IP address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The address range for class C private IP addresses is from ______ to ______.

    <p>192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods can be used to find your local IP address?

    <p>Run 'ipconfig' in command line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following IP address classes with their respective address ranges:

    <p>Class A = 10.0.0.0 — 10.255.255.255 Class B = 172.16.0.0 — 172.31.255.255 Class C = 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ensures that the correct response is sent back to the device that initiated the request?

    <p>Network Address Translation (NAT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of a modern router?

    <p>Provide built-in firewall protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does UDP serve in the context provided?

    <p>Breaking data into packets for transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    UDP guarantees the delivery of packets without any loss.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does UDP stand for?

    <p>User Datagram Protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    UDP is primarily used for __________ data into packets.

    <p>breaking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Packet loss = Loss of data during transmission UDP = Connectionless protocol Server = A machine that provides data to clients Data packets = Units of transmitted information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Application Layer?

    <p>Translating data to a usable format</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Data Link Layer is responsible for routing packets across different networks.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ARP stand for?

    <p>Address Resolution Protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ Layer is where data encryption and compression occur.

    <p>Presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following layers with their primary function:

    <p>Physical Layer = Transmits raw bit stream over physical medium Network Layer = Decides the physical path for data Transport Layer = Handles end-to-end communication Session Layer = Manages sessions and connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of TCP?

    <p>Connection-based</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer uses MAC addresses to identify machines?

    <p>Data Link Layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    IP addresses are only used within the same local network.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A broadcast sends data to a single device on the network.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of protocol is ARP and what does it do?

    <p>Layer 2 protocol that links IP addresses to MAC addresses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does SYN stand for in the TCP connection process?

    <p>Synchronize</p> Signup and view all the answers

    TCP guarantees that the data arrives in the right order without any _____ pieces.

    <p>missing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of data transmission method?

    <p>Duocast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>SYN = Client sends a message to start a connection SYN-ACK = Server acknowledges the client's request ACK = Client confirms the connection Broadcast = Sends data to all devices on a network segment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    TCP uses a three-way handshake to establish a connection.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a data packet gets lost during transmission?

    <p>The web browser requests the missing packet again.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    What is a Network?

    • A network is a group of connected computers.
    • Devices in the same network can easily communicate and share resources.
    • Examples of devices that may be on a network include computers, phones, and printers.

    Types of Networks

    • LAN (Local Area Network): A network of nearby computers.
      • Can have a few devices or hundreds of devices.
    • WAN (Wide Area Network): Networks of connected LANs spread over large distances.
      • Can connect thousands or even millions of devices.

    Communicating on a LAN

    • Ethernet is a wired protocol that uses cables to communicate.
    • Wireless uses radio waves to communicate without wires.

    Wireless vs. WLAN vs. Wi-Fi

    • WLAN is a generic term for any wireless network.
    • Wi-Fi is a specific type of WLAN.
    • All Wi-Fi networks are WLANs, but not all WLANs are Wi-Fi.

    Routers

    • A router acts as a gateway, allowing devices on a local network(s) to communicate with each other and the internet.
    • Routers can choose the quickest path for data transmission.
    • Most routers include a firewall, offering basic protection against unauthorized access and some cyber threats.

    IP Addresses

    • Public IP Address: Can be accessed directly on the internet, and is assigned by the internet service provider (ISP) to the network router.
    • Private IP Address: Assigned by the router to devices within a local network.
    • Private IP Addresses are not routable on the internet.

    Private IP Address Ranges

    • IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) reserves specific ranges of IP addresses for private network usage.
    • Class A: 10.0.0.0 — 10.255.255.255
    • Class B: 172.16.0.0 — 172.31.255.255
    • Class C: 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255
    • These ranges can be reused on different private networks without causing conflict.

    The Network Layers

    • The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model describes how data flows across a network in seven layers:
    • Layer 7: Application Layer: Handles application protocols (e.g., HTTP for web browsing) and translates data into usable formats.
    • Layer 6: Presentation Layer: Handles encryption, compression, and data formatting.
    • Layer 5: Session Layer: Creates, manages, and terminates sessions between devices.
    • Layer 4: Transport Layer: Handles end-to-end communication between devices using TCP or UDP.
    • Layer 3: Network Layer: Determines the optimal path for data transmission (routing).
    • Layer 2: Data Link Layer: Determines the format of data on the network and breaks data into smaller packets (frames).
    • Layer 1: Physical Layer: Transmits data over the physical medium (cables, wireless signals).

    MAC Addresses and IP Addresses

    • MAC Address: Used to identify devices within a broadcast network (layer 2).
    • IP Address: Identifies devices across different networks (layer 3).
    • MAC addresses are used for communication within a local network, while IP addresses are used for communication across the internet.

    ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

    • A Layer 2 protocol that helps devices on a local network find each other.
    • ARP links an IP address to its corresponding MAC address.
    • ARP operates through requests and responses:
      • ARP Request: Sent by a device to discover the MAC address of a target device with a known IP address.
      • ARP Response: Sent by the target device with its MAC address.

    Sending Data: TCP and UDP

    • TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): A connection-based protocol that establishes a reliable connection between devices before transferring data.
    • UDP (User Datagram Protocol): A connectionless protocol that allows for faster data transmission, but does not guarantee delivery or order.
    • Typical applications of TCP include Web Browsing, Emails, and File Transfers.
    • Typical applications of UDP include Streaming, DNS requests, and gaming.

    TCP Connection: The Three-Way Handshake

    • TCP utilizes a three-way handshake to establish a reliable connection:
      • SYN (Synchronize): Client initiates the connection by sending a SYN message.
      • SYN-ACK (Synchronize-Acknowledge): Server responds with a SYN-ACK message, acknowledging the request.
      • ACK (Acknowledge): Client confirms the connection by sending an ACK message.

    Data Transmission with TCP

    • Data is broken down into packets, and sent over the network.
    • If a packet gets lost, the receiver requests it again.
    • This process continues until all packets are received, ensuring complete data transfer.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamentals of computer networks, including types such as LAN and WAN, and the communication protocols used within them. It also covers the roles of routers and the distinction between WLAN and Wi-Fi. Test your knowledge and discover how networks operate and connect devices.

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