51 Questions
Which type of bone healing requires accurate reduction of the fracture?
Primary bone healing
What is the purpose of fracture repair?
To facilitate bone healing
Which bone aspect is the tension side for the femur?
Lateral aspect
Which type of bone loading leads to bending of the long bone?
Asymmetrical loading
Which factor does NOT affect the fracture score?
Concurrent illness
What is the main consideration when choosing the type of fracture repair and implant?
Forces being applied to the fracture
Which force can distract the fracture fragments?
Tension
What type of fracture requires increased post-operative care?
Fracture requiring external fixator
Which of the following is a reason why fractures may require limited movement during healing?
To allow the formation of granulation tissue
What is the relationship between strain and the healing of a fracture?
Strain causes tissue rupture
In which cases may a fracture in a young animal require limited movement?
When the animal is cage rested
What are some problems that can arise from the application of support bandages or casts in young animals with fractures?
Pressure sores
Which one of these is an important principle of small animal fracture repair?
Assess the whole patient and manage any life-threatening injuries
Why is it important to take orthogonal radiographs in fracture repair?
To get the best possible images of the fracture
What does fracture scoring indicate?
The severity and biological nature of the fracture
What is the relationship between fracture scoring and the difficulties in managing a fracture?
The higher the fracture score, the more complications might arise
Which tissue forms after granulation tissue during the bone healing process?
Fibrocartilage
What is the purpose of widening the gap between bone ends during fracture healing?
To reduce strain on the fracture site
What should be assessed in post-operative radiographs after fracture repair?
The alignment of the fracture
When should radiographic assessment be made during fracture healing?
All of the above
Which factor is NOT considered when scoring fractures?
Owner finances
Which type of fracture requires increased post-operative care?
Fracture with soft tissue injuries
Which physiological force can distract fracture fragments?
Tension
Which is the first step in small animal fracture repair?
Appreciating the presence of an attendant animal
Which bone aspect is the tension side for the femur?
Lateral side
Why is it important to take orthogonal radiographs in fracture repair?
To get the best possible images of the fracture
What does fracture scoring indicate?
The severity and biological nature of the fracture
What is the relationship between fracture scoring and the difficulties in managing a fracture?
Higher fracture score indicates greater difficulties in managing the fracture
Which tissue forms after fibrocartilage during the bone healing process?
Callus
What is the purpose of widening the gap between bone ends during fracture healing?
To reduce strain
When should radiographic assessment be made during fracture healing?
After fracture repair
What is the main consideration when choosing the type of fracture repair and implant?
Fracture complexity
Which of the following is NOT a tension aspect of a long bone?
Humerus - lateral cranial aspect
Which type of bone healing requires accurate reduction of the fracture?
Primary bone healing
What type of force can cause bending of the long bone?
Torsion force
Which of the following is NOT a method for achieving secondary bone healing?
Application of a bone plate and extensive dissection and manipulation of soft tissues
Which type of fractures may naturally have little movement during healing?
Non-displaced fractures
What can happen if there is a small gap and excessive movement in a fracture?
The fracture fails to heal as the tissue ruptures
What are some problems that can arise from the application of support bandages or casts in young animals with fractures?
Pressure sores and joint stiffness
What is the main reason for cage resting a young animal with a fracture?
To limit movement
Which tissue forms after fibrocartilage during the bone healing process?
Callus
What is the purpose of widening the gap between bone ends during fracture healing?
To reduce strain
What is the main consideration when choosing the type of fracture repair and implant?
Fracture location
What type of fractures may naturally have little movement during healing?
Stress fractures
What does fracture scoring indicate?
Fracture stability
What should be assessed in post-operative radiographs after fracture repair?
All of the above
What is the relationship between fracture scoring and the difficulties in managing a fracture?
Lower fracture score means easier management
What are some problems that can arise from the application of support bandages or casts in young animals with fractures?
Angular limb deformity
Which type of bone healing requires accurate reduction of the fracture?
Primary bone healing
Which type of fracture requires increased post-operative care?
Compound fracture
Granulation tissue will withstand 100% strain whereas bone will only withstand 2% strain. Granulation tissue forms then your fibrous tissue than fibrocartilage and you then get cars forming and then you get the bone and that process slowly reduces the strain as you get less movement as all the tissues become a little bit more rigid which allows the formation of the next layer of tissue. To reduce the strain the gap can be widened - bone ends reabsorb all the fracture becomes progressively stiffer by the formation granulation tissue callous and finally bone. Formation of the callus creates greater stability and reduced movement at the fracture site and the strain decreases. Management of Strain: • Strain is equal to the change in length divided by the original length • The body will initially resorb the end of the bone to the fracture and now increases the fracture gap and therefore reduce the strain which aids the initial healing process. Post Operative Assessment: • Once we've done the fracture repair we have to take post-operative radiographs to make sure that • the fracture is completely aligned • The positioning of the implants • The encroachment of implanted joint a soft tissues of the bridging of growth plate in young animals § If this is not addressed it can lead to angular limb deformity. Monitoring: • This interval may be great if the animal is doing well and varies with the implants employed for example a external ______ may require a weekly examination is the complication rate is higher whereas a plate repair may only require an examination at monthly intervals if it is progressing well • Radiographic assessment should be made: • Prior to the removal of implants • If progression is not as anticipated • Or if there is evidence of sepsis Summary: • You want to assess the animal • You want to then take radiographs • You don't want to score the fracture • Then you want to consider what forces need be counteracted • Fix the fracture and then take post-operative radiographs so as to be confident that the fracture suitably repaired • Monitor the progress of the fracture clinically and radiographically particularly if the fracture healing appears prolonged an animal is not progressing as anticipated
fixator
This quiz explores the causes of compression and tension in long bones, focusing on the role of plating and asymmetric loading. Test your knowledge on the impact of weight-bearing and mastication on diaphysial bones, as well as the easiest approaches for placing plates on tension sides.
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