Understanding Comprehensive Sexual Health

• Basic concepts of sexual health with reproductive aspects
• Assistant Prof. Tülay Kavlak
• Course assessment as follows:

Standart Assessment

• Midterm exam 30%
• Final exam 50%

Quality of Exams

• Exams will have both multiple-choice, true/false, and open-ended questions
• The exams will take an average of 1 hour

Alternative assessment

• Two quiz exams account for 5% of the total grade
• One group homework plus presentation is 15% of the total grade

Quiz Evaluation Details

• Each student will participate in 2 quizzes throughout the semester
• Quiz evaluation occurs before the midterm and final exams
• Quiz evaluation date is determined by the instructor

Group Homework Details

• Students participate in the preparation and presentation of homework given by the instructor

Attendance

• Class attendance is mandatory.
• Students are expected to read relevant lecture notes and contribute to the course before lessons.
• In courses that cannot be attended, it is the student's responsibility to learn what was done in that course.

Course Plan Overview:

• Basic concepts related to sexuality take place during the first week
• Sexual/reproductive rights and legal regulations take place during the second week
• Sex, gender, and its impact on health take place during the third week
• Sexual identity development according to life stages takes place during the fourth week
• Physiology of the sexual act and sexual Response takes place during the fifth week
• Sexual dysfunctions in women are taught during the sixth week
• Sexual dysfunctions in men are taught during the seventh week
• The midterm exam takes place during the 8th week
• Assessment of Sexual Health takes place during week 9
• Approach to sexual problems in the nursing process takes place during week 10
• Sexual violence and sexual abuse take place during week 11
• Group work and presentations take place during weeks 12, 13, and 14
• Final exam during weeks 15-16

Presentation Plan

• Definition of sexual health
• Definition of reproductive health
• The Importance of Sexual and Reproductive Health
• Different Perspectives on Sexuality
• Sexual rights

Definition of Reproductive Health

• Reproductive health is defined as the absence of disease and disability in all areas related to the reproductive system
• Reproductive health's definition includes functions, functioning, mental and social well-being

Health Relationships

• Reproductive health encompasses women's health and men's health
• Sexual health overlaps the two

Reproductive Health

• Reproductive health also refers to individuals having a satisfying and safe sex life
• Reproductive health also alludes to ability to reproduce and have the right to use this ability freely Individuals of all age groups' personal health needs to have positive sexual health
• Sexuality is important to health, well-being, and individuals' quality of life. Reproductive health, therefore, includes it

Sexual Health

• Sexuality is a fundamental dimension of human life
• Sexuality encompasses sex, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, eroticism, love, and reproduction
• Sexuality begins before birth, continues throughout life and is influenced by ethical, cultural and moral factors
• Sexuality is a purely sensory experience
• It includes the body and mind

Shaping Values

• Values are shaped by attitudes, behaviors, physical appearance, beliefs, emotions and personality
• Values are shaped by likes and dislikes, and socialization areas Influences: These are shaped by social norms, culture, and religion.
• It involves giving and receiving sexual pleasure in addition to procreation and encompasses all of life

WHO definition of Sexual Health

• It consists of combinations of the physical, emotional, intellectual, and social aspects of sexuality
• Enriches personality, communication, and love
• As a sexual being, man is not only bodily.
• Enhances emotional, intellectual and social integrity
• Positively enriches and increases personality development, communication and sharing of love

Sexuality Details

• Includes procreation and sexual satisfaction
• Influenced by ethical, cultural, and moral factors
• It not only concerns disease/health conditions of the genitals, but also includes the physiological, psychological, spiritual state
• Sexuality ensures the continuation of a positive and positive sexuality and sexual health

Sexual Health on the other hand

• Diseases and disabilities that affect reproductive and sexual functions
• Absence of fear, shame, guilt and false beliefs that suppress sexual reactions
• Negatively affect male-female relations.
• The definition of sexual health includes the capacity for sex, consistent with someone's morality and rights

Sexual Health Means

• Care and counseling are limited to reproductive and sexually transmitted diseases
• Strengthening personal relationships and life

Emergence of Sexual/Reproductive Health (SH/RH)

• Issues related to reproduction for women are first brought to the fore
• This is achieved by discussing fertility’s health problems, typically women between 15-49
• After this, the concept of Sexual/Reproductive Health (SH/RH) emerged, including maternal and child health and family planning within the Women's Health and Family Planning approach and emphasizing the needs of the individual
• First discussed at the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) held in Cairo in 1994,
• Many individuals do not have the conditions to protect their reproductive rights in many parts of the world. It was then decided that steps need to be taken towards the betterment of reproductive health.
• All people's health needs, not just the people that wanted to have kids
• Also raised at the 4th World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995,
• Emphasized "gender equality and development" were adopted to empower and advance women and develop women's reproductive health
• Sexual / reproductive health should be handled within the framework of the life cycle

Themes and Topics

• Women's educational, economic and social empowerment, ensuring legal and social equality and equity between the sexes
• Elimination of discrimination against the girl child and healthy reproductive rights
• Primary health services should provide safe maternity services that benefit society

Information and Prevention

• Informing adolescents about sexual and reproductive health and ensuring that they benefit from services
• Prevention of STDs and HIV, as well as increasing the quality of reproductive health services in risky groups, especially among young and rural groups
• Mobilizing resources for SH/RH development; and preventing teenage pregnancy

The main elements of the CS/ÜS Concept

• Normal functioning of reproductive organs
• A healthy and happy sexual life
• Being able to experience sexuality and fertility without coercion
• Being able to decide whether or not to have children, when and how many children to have.
• Being able to have healthy children as a result of planned pregnancies by applying this decision as desired.
• Being able to be protected from sexually transmitted infection agents and to be treated if necessary is indispensable for the lifelong happiness of women and men.

Scope of Sexual/Reproductive Health

• Information-education and communication for responsible reproduction and sexual behavior, responsible parenting
• Non-formal family planning services, information-education, communication and counseling in family planning
• Effective maternal health services and safe motherhood; prenatal care, healthy birth, postpartum care, breastfeeding
• Effective control of genital tract infections (GYE) and prevention of sexually transmited infections (STIs) and fight against AIDS
• There needs to be a prevention and treatment of infertility
• There needs to be an end to putting to unsafe abortions and proper action in the consequences of abortion
• Prevention and treatment of malignancies of reproductive organs
• Adequate nutrition, infant and child health and well being with regard to sexual health
• Adolescent health and sexuality with regard to culture and environment
• A healthy lifestyle has an impact on regulatory, social and behavioral factors

Different perspectives on Sexuality

• Sexuality is a whole made up of biological, psychological, social, cultural, traditional moral, religious, anthropological, political and economic dimensions
• The approach to sexual health should therefore include different perspectives, namely biological, psychological, and sociocultural

The Biological Perspective

• Sexuality is a process carried out by a complex interaction of more than 30 hormones and chemicals produced by the body, in which the whole body participates, with nervous impulses, external stimuli, and imagination
• For this reason, diseases, drugs and substances used, every factor that affects the body, can also affect sexuality
• A healthy functioning body is an essential rule for a happy sex life

Psychological Perspective

• A healthy functioning body provides the necessary infrastructure to live sexuality in a healthy way.
• It is human psychology that determines how sexuality is to be experienced
• Sexual functions are mainly governed by the central and peripheral nervous system
• Basic attitudes, personality traits, emotions, cognitive functions, past experiences, and traumas determine our approach to sexuality and our choices

Sociocultural Perspective

• The family, close environment, subculture and social structure, traditions, religious beliefs and moral attitudes determine sexual attitudes and behaviors
• Only sociocultural causes can play a role in a sexual dysfunction and can stem from virginity and other standards

Three Perspectives

• All three perspectives have an important place in the individuals' overall well being

• If sexually health is not an important part of general health in society, it deteriorates and interrupts overall physical health

• One of the health problems that make people unhappy

• Protection of sexual health has also been as an individual fundamental right by the World Health Organization and there needs to be complete well-being in order to continue aspects of good health and socioculture

World Association's stance and WHO

• WHO organizes programs
• Sexual rights are universal human rights based on freedom, dignity and equality
• Sexual health should also be a fundamental human right

Ensuring Sexual Health

• In order to ensure the development, sexual rightsshould be recognized, protected and well represented to all by authorities which will include (but not limited to): Sexual freedom, Security of one's body, sexual privacy, sexual equality, sexual pleasure, emotional sexual expression and the right to freely engage in sexual relationships
• In addition, the right to free and discreet reproductive choices, along with sex ed is required

Sexual Freedom

• Allows individuals to express their full sexual potential.
• However, all forms of are outside of this freedom abuse, coercion & harassment - This also includes consenting to sex

Sexual Autonomy

• Right to make decisions within your own code, including a non abusive life. The ability to enjoy your life without torture and pain
• the right is to make individual as long as the sexual rights of others are not interfered with and not to be discriminated against due to age, sex, etc.

Sexual Equality

• Right to sexual pleasure. Sexuality is source of well being & mental health
• Includes the right to have all types of touch

World Assosication of Sexual Health - Areas that need work

• Even non married, homosexual, or married there needs to be discussion
• there is a right to choose, not to choose a life in freedom
• We must be aware that these rights must be respected to all people.
• There are sexual reproductive health problems today due to people not understanding and gender stereotypes
• Lack of information, a problem that must be dealt with children adults alike.

There is hope:

• Being sure what someone will do with their life before engaging in intercourse
• There must also be the knowledge of possible health effects and care for possible issues
• Prevent the transmission of viruses such as HIV, aids, hepatitus & syphallis
• And we should make sure of helping out with the correct medical processes and not making a mistake
• You can't be afraid of this it's something to be discussed.

SH/RH Services

• Prenatal Care, Premarital tests, with great support from midwives

Explore factors relating to the comprehensive definition of human sexuality. Understand the difference between the 'Sexual Health/Reproductive Health' and earlier approaches to women's health. Learn how an individual's sexual health is affected due to factors beyond physical disease.