Understanding Communication Patterns

Nature of Communication

• Communication constitutes a significant portion of daily human activities.
• Daily activities consist of exchanging information through predictable asking and answering actions.
• Communication is a cyclical and iterative process adapting to different purposes.

Nunan's Illustration of Human Interaction

• Nunan illustrates human interaction as a series of basic interactional patterns which is modified based on the purpose.
• The basic pattern consists of three key moves: opening move, answering move, and follow-up move, which creates an initial communication loop.
• Purpose modifications lead to additional loops or alterations of original loops that require familiarity with the topic, participants, context, and relationship-building.
• The answering move in an interaction changes based on the players' participation, knowledge, and familiarity.
• Follow-up moves are built on the participants' interest in building relationships.

Communication Paradox

• Launching communication involves introducing a conversation to achieve a task.
• Communication is a cyclical process that implies it's never-ending, and an iterative process that suggests the purpose is not finished but launched.

Effective Communication

• Effective communicators aim to achieve their objectives in every attempt, combining components necessary for success.
• The core of communication is the 'message', the 'heart' or central meaning.
• The message core needs a solid foundation: a clear purpose, credible content, intended context, and appropriate channel.
• Purpose is the reason for communication, content is the goal, context is the audience, and channel is the medium choice.

Origins of Message and Send

• The word message is derived from the Old French but has Latin origins of 'missus'.
• 'Send' has origins in Old English sendan, Germanic roots.

Usage of "Send a Message"

• Various phrases include: "send a message" (emphasize one's position), "take a message" (transcribe), "leave a message" (for unavailable person).
• Other phrases include, "be on message" (remain faithful), "stay on message" (be consistent), and "off message" (be unfaithful).

Integrity in Messaging

• Maintaining the integrity of intention is vital when sending messages.
• The selection of a medium is essential for effective communication.
• The elements making up an effective message follow principles to send and take the true message to the target audience.

Definition and Components of Communication

• Communication is defined as sharing information or messages with the target audience by using appropriate verbal, non-verbal, written, graphic, digital, or visual channels.
• It involves a five-step process: composing, encoding, transmitting, decoding, and giving feedback.
• Interpretation is integral, explaining the message's meaning in terms of religious, social, ethnic, and educational backgrounds.

Elements in Transcending Messages

• Writers or speakers use various elements to compose messages:
  • A clear purpose
  • A goal
• The purpose identifies the intention, target audience, tone, and diction to achieve the goal.
• Communication can aim to inform, educate, persuade, entertain, ask, receive, evaluate, or assess.
• It also identifies building relationships transact and interact and due to elements, the quality communication matters.
• The content guides the appropriate language to create impact.
• Persuasion in global communication requires appealing to others' perspectives, influenced by culture and education.
• Impact is achieved when a change in perspectives occurs.

Communication Settings

• Communication involves creating not only a setting but also a mood.
• Is context formal or informal, personal or organizational, that has departmental or global elements, to sets the tone.
• Diction is appropriate based on setting that determines necessary language.

Target Audience

• Identifies the target audience to uses the right language and gives sufficient information.
• Formality differs between academic and business settings and is based on the relationship of the target audience.

Medium

• Medium is the channel and needs appropriateness for its function to the target audience.

Tone

• Identifies formality and familiarity
• In academic and business settings, the tone is formal

Diction

• Diction relates to the register and tone of language.
• Tone identifies formality and familiarity in communication.
• Register and honorifics are informal communication elements.
• Diction describes appropriate language through answering questions like whether the language is formal, slang, or whether it is inclusive or exclusive.
• Intention and the goal must be clear and specific to provide foreigner precise instructions.

Global Communication

• Communication in the global context identifies different communication needs and competencies.
• Global citizens need people, and culture in international contexts.

Culture

• Culture signifies behaviors, traditions and beliefs of one group which distinguishes them from others.
• Culture show differences through gender, social class, and location..

Communication Method

• Communication is a repeatable and learnable step-by-step procedure.
• Aim for global communication to understand others as being multicultural through intercultural communication describing range of processes within social context.

Language

• That humans express themselves to is a tool is therefore a key tool to successful interaction using non-verbal and verbal techniques.

Communication Features

• Segmental and Suprasegmental features convey meanings. The features of pitch, sounds, and rhythm make up an quality of sound.

Gender in comms

• Meanings in text & speech show gender. expressions are mirrored based on culture.
• Masculine values are aggressiveness and strength, where cultures are dominant and use a win/lose strategy in conflicts.
  • Feminine emphasizes relationships, tenderness in all genders, and quality of life with win/win goals.

Cancel culture affects perspectives with biases

• Language is a cultural entity that provides group identity, to promote unbiased and formal speech.
• Cancel culture means 'culturally blocked’ from a public platform.

Actions

• Ageism promotes (how we think, feel), and discrimination (act) towards others.
• Sexism leads to gender-bias toward women and girls.

Actions

• Promote communication between people representing international relations.
• Cultural ignorance is Lacking and is therefore, that affect people (Aristavate 2004)

Diversity

• Diversity valuing differentiation, vs individuation the making of choices that makes one distinct.

Cultures

• Individualic cultures stress individual goals vs. collective where group goals are greater.

Communication Styles

• Communication styles are either verbal in nature showing low context or are high context. Systems have tradition-bound rules that shape the behavior.
  • Otherwise high context speakers act polite and are indirect and also indirectly on nonverbal communication styles.

The Low Context

• Context communication, Members of those cultures tend to: Exhibit a more direct communication style and gather background information when meeting for the first time.

Approaches to Language

Communication varies due to language to context High to low distance

• Power cultures are are different than what is deemed 'legitimate.'
• Also a vertical style of decisions in place.

Message structure

• Silos/structure is different in the workplace. Cultural language reflects a more superiority in others.
• By David Berio with the illustration of information transfers from the sender with equal listening capacity.

Historical

• The transmission and ritual model by Mclintock focus on ' linear process of interaction.
• The 'linear' and Carey's ritual' have different styles that show elements such as persuasion, and creating personal/branding images.

Purposes (compilation)

During composition, show intended purpose to:

• 1. show Intention to context

-2) To medium Considering component effectiveness.

• Guiding components of any message process Thesis must have : main point(what we want/ are about and how to deliver
• Topic: and a position that engages audience from start through finish!

Persuasion tips

• 1 - Prove your aurgument/thesis. Strategies like comparison, and analysis.
• 2 - Discuss components of those, and how well they did throughout.
• and make inferences!