Understanding Color Associations

Color Associations

• Red is associated with fire, blood, energy, war, danger, strength, power, determination, passion, desire, and love
• Orange combines red's energy with yellow's happiness, representing joy, sunshine, the tropics, enthusiasm, creativity, determination, attraction, success, and encouragement
• Yellow is linked to sunshine, joy, happiness, intellect, and energy
• Green symbolizes nature, growth, harmony, freshness, fertility, and emotional safety; dark green is linked to money
• Blue represents the sky and sea, depth, stability, trust, loyalty, wisdom, confidence, intelligence, faith, truth, and heaven
• Purple combines blue's stability and red's energy, symbolizing royalty, power, nobility, luxury, ambition, wealth, extravagance, wisdom, dignity, independence, creativity, mystery, and magic
• White represents light, goodness, innocence, purity, and virginity, and is considered the color of perfection
• Black represents power, elegance, formality, death, evil, and mystery

Understanding Light and Color

• Rods are the most important part of the eye regarding color
• Rods/receptors respond to various degrees of light
• Cones are responsible for color perception
• Adjacent colors influence how color is perceived
• Sir Isaac Newton discovered in 1666 that sunlight consists of 7 pure colors
• Newton discovered the 7 pure colors by using a prism, spreading light into a spectrum
• Spectrum refers to the band of pure colors
• Newton noted the pure colors discovered with the prism are equal in brilliance, brightness, and sequence
• White light represents all hues of the spectrum in proportion, appearing colorless
• Light theory states that light is a form of electromagnetic radiation that acts on the retina, enabling sight; no light, no sight
• Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo/violet are pure colors
• Physicists have eliminated indigo as a pure color because it is too close to blue and violet
• Red, yellow, and blue constitute the 3 primary colors
• Orange, green, and purple are the 3 secondary colors
• Additive process is the mixture of light
• Subtractive method describes the pigment theory
• Complements describes colors directly opposite on the color wheel

Color Properties and Schemes

• Gray is produced by mixing any 2 pigmentary hues in equal quantities
• Red, orange, and yellow are considered warm hues
• Green, blue, and indigo/violet are considered cool hues
• Color is determined by the wavelength of light an object reflects
• Absorption is the process where a color object absorbs certain light rays while reflecting others
• Reflection relates to the return of light rays from a surface
• White objects reflect all colors in white light
• Black objects absorb all colors in white light
• Black is a mixture of all pigmentary colors
• Hue, value, and intensity are the 3 dimensions of color
• Hue names the color
• Value refers to the lightness or darkness of a hue
• Intensity (chroma) refers to the brightness or dullness of a color
• The difference between two spectral colors is the difference in hue
• The 5 classes of hues include primary, secondary, standard, intermediate and tertiary
• Red, yellow, and blue are the primary hues
• Mixtures of the 3 primary hues yields gray
• Orange, green, and purple are the secondary hues
• A Secondary hue is the mixture of two primary hues, and lies between those hues
• Standard hues includes primary and secondary hues
• Intermediate hues result from mixing a primary and adjoining secondary hue in equal strengths
• Tertiary hues includes dulled gray hues
• Warm hues are closest to infrared (heat) waves
• Longer wave lengths relates to warm hues
• Red, orange, and yellow are warm colors
• Orange is considered the warmest hue
• Cool hues are has shortest wavelengths
• Cool hues absorbs heat rays of sunlight, which makes them seem cool or chilly
• Purple, blue, and green are cool colors
• Blue is considered the coolest hue
• Value represents the second dimension of color

Achromatic vs Chromatic

• High values represents a light value
• Low values represents a dark value
• Value is what you see in black and white movies
• Value differences are how different colored clothes with different colors are distinguished
• Tint is a hue mixed with various quantities of white
• Shade refers to a hue mixed with black
• Intensity is the 3rd dimension of color
• Tone is a grayed hue
• Achromatic colors includes colors aren't found in the visible spectrum, neutral color, white, gray, silver
• Chromatic colors includes a color having hue, a visible color in the spectrum
• Monochromatic hue is variations of one hue
• Tone is hue is mixed with a small amount of gray or its complement
• Egyptians believed that red preserves the soul and gold for health
• Hieroglyphics represents that yellow is for the sun, green for nature, and purple for earth
• China believes that white is for mourning
• Japan believes people who has few red cars, because they are reserved for emergency
• Standard hues do people tire quickly from
• Juxtaposition is any two colors seen together, modify each other in the direction of their compliment
• Compliments enriches the other, non compliments dull each other with juxtaposition
• High value hues increases the apparent size of an object
• High value makes small rooms appears larger
• People appears larger when they dress in white or hues with high value
• High value makes a room appears higher
• Low values decreases the size of rooms
• People seems thinner when they dressed in black, cool colors, or low value hues
• Low value (cool colors) are best values for floors, should be the darkest color of the room
• Eye fatigue relates to when there is an over stimulation by single hue
• Pure warm hues tires the eyes sooner
• After image/psychological relates to where a visual impression remains after the stimulus has been re- moved
• Fringe Focus of a hue, steadily around the edge of the hue a fringe will will appear of the hues compliment
• Interaction of hues relates to two non-complimentary hues are juxtaposed/superimposed and there is enough of the hue being seen, the over stimulation of one raises its compliments and mixes it with background color to form a new hue is?

Color Schemes

• Analogous color schemes involves two or more hues adjacent on the color wheel, sharing a common hue
• Triad colors includes a color scheme involves 3 hues, as near as possible and should be at lest 3 hues from each other on the color wheel
• Split complementary includes a color scheme involves 3 hues, the two hues on either side of the direct complement
• Double complements: describes a color scheme of 4 hues, two adjacent hues and their complements

Skin Pigments and Cosmetics

• Melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin create skin color
• Melanin is the pigment in the epidermis and hair which ranges in color from brown to brown-black; it is the determinative pigment of all races
• Carotene is the yellowish pigment of the skin
• Hemoglobin is the iron containing protein in the blood, giving blood its red color
• Melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin aids in producing ruddy, florid and swarthy complexions
• Cream, liquid, and powder are the 3 main varieties of cosmetics (media)
• Cream, liquid, and powder cosmetics are produced in caring densities and or consistencies
• White, red, yellow, and brown are the 4 colors that all cosmetics utilize necessary to produce the color of skin
• Highlights and shadows are what can be added to the face for corrective shaping
• The 8 warm color areas includes the forehead, cheeks, tip/wings of the nose, mucous membranes, chin, ears, knuckles of fingers, and fingernails/cuticle
• Powder sets, dries cosmetics and reduce any sheen is the final step of cosmetics
• If discolorations are still present after arterial embalming, avoid liquid cosmetics; use opaque cream
• Red light on a red object fades out
• Red light on a orange object lightens
• Red light on a yellow object turns white
• Red light on a green object darkens greatly
• Red light on a blue object darkens to gray
• Red light on a violet object darkens to black
• Blue light on a red object darkens
• Blue light on a orange object darkens greatly
• Blue light on a yellow object turns orchid
• Blue light on a green object lightens
• Blue light on a blue object turns to pale blue
• Blue light on a violet object turns orchid
• The hues of objects should be selected under the same conditions
• Light characteristics for north rooms for color in illumination is entering a room from the north is unchangingly cool, with no direct sunlight entering the windows, only reflected light

Illumination and Room Characteristics

• Shadow rooms refers what rooms are considered shadow rooms
• Add tints of yellow, orange, red and warm brown to north rooms
• The characteristic for south rooms in regard to color in illumication is natural light entering a room from the south is warm and bright and continues for many hours of the day
• Use hues that neutralize the heat of the sun; blue, gray, green, etc for what best suited for south rooms
• How the light entering this room is mainly cool vs warm light enters for only a few hours is the characteristic for eastern rooms
• Cream, buff, ivory, gray-tan for eastern rooms
• The characteristics of west rooms warm vs cool: the light entering the room is mainly warm. Cool light enters for only a short period of the day. warm exposure is adaptable to cool hues and grays
• Bi directional rooms has light entering from 2 directions with both warm vs cool light
• Make the selection of hues base on the predominating light for a bi directional room
• Incandescent light relates to white filament light bulbs the provides less illumination than daylight
• Color: the visual sensation by rays of light of definite wavelengths on the retina of the eye
• Light has wavelengths, what are they measured in millimicrons
• Frequency of light is measured in number of cycles per second
• Light wavelengths by the human eye is between 400-700 millimicrons
• Red light has the longest wavelength
• The wavelength of red light is 600-700 millimicrons
• Red light has the shortest frequency
• Blue light has the shortest wavelength
• 400-500 milimicron wavelength of blue
• The highest frequency light is blue
• Green light has the wavelength of 500-600 milimicron
• When the light is high in yellow and everything is tinged by the yellow our judgment is affected
• Incandescent light is a favorable color to most cosmetic colors and is better for highlighting fabric textures and caskets
• Soft white bulbs reduces light
• Soft white bulbs generate glare and intensity vs high heat levels
• What generates lower level of heat: fluorescent temp lights vs incandescent with light
• Fluorescent vs incandescent with dull vs light: the fluorescent lights affect the objects they illuminated by making them seem dull or faded
• Cool white light: light in green and blue but lacks red
• What is the 3 dimensions of colored illumination hue, brightness (chroma), and saturation
• Hue is the dimension of colored illumination refers to the name of the chromatic color brightness that depends upon the quantity of light passing through a color media
• What does chroma defines:Dimension of color illumination that depends on the brightness of light
• What is saturation: Dimension of color illumination