Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of culture?
What is language?
What is a symbol?
What are values?
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What is a characteristic of culture?
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What are folkways?
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What is the process of learning the rules, guidelines, customs, values, and skills to participate in a society?
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What happens when two cultures compete and the minority culture gradually loses its cultural markers?
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What does the term 'culture' originate from?
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According to the framework, what is unique to an individual?
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What is common to all humans, according to the framework?
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What is the definition of culture given in the framework?
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What is 'Peopleware' compared to in the framework?
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What is 'Hardware' compared to in the framework?
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What is the difference between 'Collectively Learned' and 'Individually Derived' in the framework?
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What do the authors Asma, Pedersen, Hofstede, Murray, and Kluckhohn contribute to in the framework?
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What is the origin of the concept of worldview?
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What does worldview primarily concern?
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How does worldview influence an individual's actions?
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What is culture, as defined by the United States Department of Health and Human Services?
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What is the primary difference between culture and worldview?
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According to Sue (1981), what does worldview involve?
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What is the role of worldview in shaping an individual's life?
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What is the outcome of having a worldview?
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What is the primary characteristic of ethnocentrism?
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Which stage of ethnocentrism involves believing that one's worldview is superior to all others?
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What is the main goal of ethnorelativism?
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What is the result of a lack of contact with other cultures and ethnic groups in ethnocentrism?
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In which stage of ethnocentrism does an individual trivialize other worldviews?
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What are cultural values?
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What is the main difference between ethnocentrism and ethnorelativism?
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What is the result of minimization of differences in ethnocentrism?
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What is the main focus of the VALUE ORIENTATION THEORY?
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What is the name of the framework identified by Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck (1961) that consists of five areas?
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What is the purpose of the Value Orientation Method (VOM)?
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What is the term used to describe the way people think about time in the Value Orientation Theory?
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What is the characteristic of a high-context culture?
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What is the term used to describe the way people interact with each other in a collective culture?
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What is the focus of the 'Activity' area of the Value Orientation Theory?
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What is the characteristic of a culture that values harmony with nature?
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What is the term used to describe the way people think in a culture that values linear thinking?
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What is the purpose of the 6-question oral survey used in the Value Orientation Method?
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Study Notes
Individual and Collective Culture
- A person has a unique, individually derived personality and characteristics, but also shares cultural characteristics with their community.
- This collective culture is learned and shared among group members, shaping their identity and influencing behavior.
Definition of Culture
- Culture is a total way of life held in common by a group of people who share similarities in speech, behavior, ideology, livelihood, technology, values, and social customs.
- The Latin word "cultura" means "to cultivate," and culture shapes our identity and influences our behavior.
Characteristics of Culture
- Culture is learned, dynamic, and adaptive.
- It gives meaning to reality and is integrated into our daily lives.
Cultural Acquisition
- Enculturation: the process of learning the rules, guidelines, customs, values, and skills to participate in a society.
- Assimilation: when two cultures compete and the minority culture gradually loses its identity.
- Acculturation: the process of adopting a new culture, often resulting in a blending of cultures.
Worldview
- A worldview is a system of thought or extensive ideology that influences how people perceive and conceive the world around them.
- It refers to individual and societal cultural values and philosophies about life and the world.
Culture vs. Worldview
- Culture is a shared and learned set of beliefs, norms, and values common to a group of people.
- Worldview involves how people perceive their relationship to the world, including their values, beliefs, and assumptions.
Ethnocentrism and Ethnorelativism
- Ethnocentrism: the belief that one's worldview is the norm, often resulting in denial, defense, or minimization of differences with other cultures.
- Ethnorelativism: the movement towards acceptance and integration of other worldviews.
Value Orientation Theory
- Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck (1961) identified five areas of value orientation:
- Human Nature: What is the basic nature of people?
- Man-Nature Relationship: What is the appropriate relationship to nature?
- Time Sense: How should we best think about time?
- Activity: What is the best mode of activity?
- Social Relations: What is the best form of social organization?
Value Orientation Method (VOM)
- A tool used to understand cultural differences by surveying individual values and preferences in six areas:
- View of human nature
- Concept of self
- Relation to nature
- Activity
- Time
- Social interaction
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Description
Learn about the role of collective culture in shaping individual identity and behavior, and how it is learned and shared among group members