Understanding Collective Culture and Identity
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of culture?

  • To create conflict and disorder in society
  • To provide economic stability
  • To shape our identity and influence our behavior (correct)
  • To promote inequality among people

    • What is language?

  • A system of words and symbols used to communicate with other people (correct)
  • A norm that dictates morally right or wrong behavior
  • Anything that is used to stand for something else
  • A culturally defined standard for what is good or desirable

    • What is a symbol?

  • A culturally defined standard for what is good or desirable
  • Anything that is used to stand for something else (correct)
  • A norm that dictates morally right or wrong behavior
  • A system of words and symbols used to communicate with other people

    • What are values?

    <p>Culturally defined standards for what is good or desirable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of culture?

    <p>It is learned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are folkways?

    <p>Norms that dictate appropriate behavior for routine or casual interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of learning the rules, guidelines, customs, values, and skills to participate in a society?

    <p>Enculturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when two cultures compete and the minority culture gradually loses its cultural markers?

    <p>Assimilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'culture' originate from?

    <p>Latin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the framework, what is unique to an individual?

    <p>Loving, creative, and ingenious qualities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is common to all humans, according to the framework?

    <p>Instincts, sense of survival, and hunger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of culture given in the framework?

    <p>A total way of life held in common by a group of people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'Peopleware' compared to in the framework?

    <p>Hardware and software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'Hardware' compared to in the framework?

    <p>Common human needs and instincts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between 'Collectively Learned' and 'Individually Derived' in the framework?

    <p>Collectively learned is shared by a group, while individually derived is unique to an individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the authors Asma, Pedersen, Hofstede, Murray, and Kluckhohn contribute to in the framework?

    <p>The framework of a person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the concept of worldview?

    <p>Old German word 'weltanschauung'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does worldview primarily concern?

    <p>An individual's value-oriented philosophy about life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does worldview influence an individual's actions?

    <p>It informs how they understand and act in the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is culture, as defined by the United States Department of Health and Human Services?

    <p>A common heritage or set of beliefs, norms and values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between culture and worldview?

    <p>Culture is about norms and values, while worldview is about relationships to the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Sue (1981), what does worldview involve?

    <p>An individual's values, beliefs, and assumptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of worldview in shaping an individual's life?

    <p>It influences their understanding of the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of having a worldview?

    <p>A framework for understanding the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of ethnocentrism?

    <p>The belief that one's worldview is the norm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of ethnocentrism involves believing that one's worldview is superior to all others?

    <p>Defense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of ethnorelativism?

    <p>To accept and integrate other worldviews</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a lack of contact with other cultures and ethnic groups in ethnocentrism?

    <p>Denial of other worldviews</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of ethnocentrism does an individual trivialize other worldviews?

    <p>Minimization of Differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are cultural values?

    <p>The dimensions that guide what a group values as important</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between ethnocentrism and ethnorelativism?

    <p>Ethnocentrism involves denial of other cultures, while ethnorelativism involves acceptance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of minimization of differences in ethnocentrism?

    <p>An individual trivializes other worldviews</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the VALUE ORIENTATION THEORY?

    <p>Cultural differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the framework identified by Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck (1961) that consists of five areas?

    <p>Value Orientation Framework</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Value Orientation Method (VOM)?

    <p>To help people become aware of and work with cultural differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the way people think about time in the Value Orientation Theory?

    <p>Time Sense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a high-context culture?

    <p>Relational</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the way people interact with each other in a collective culture?

    <p>Interdependent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the 'Activity' area of the Value Orientation Theory?

    <p>Best mode of activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a culture that values harmony with nature?

    <p>Harmony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the way people think in a culture that values linear thinking?

    <p>Linear thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 6-question oral survey used in the Value Orientation Method?

    <p>To help people become aware of and work with cultural differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Individual and Collective Culture

    • A person has a unique, individually derived personality and characteristics, but also shares cultural characteristics with their community.
    • This collective culture is learned and shared among group members, shaping their identity and influencing behavior.

    Definition of Culture

    • Culture is a total way of life held in common by a group of people who share similarities in speech, behavior, ideology, livelihood, technology, values, and social customs.
    • The Latin word "cultura" means "to cultivate," and culture shapes our identity and influences our behavior.

    Characteristics of Culture

    • Culture is learned, dynamic, and adaptive.
    • It gives meaning to reality and is integrated into our daily lives.

    Cultural Acquisition

    • Enculturation: the process of learning the rules, guidelines, customs, values, and skills to participate in a society.
    • Assimilation: when two cultures compete and the minority culture gradually loses its identity.
    • Acculturation: the process of adopting a new culture, often resulting in a blending of cultures.

    Worldview

    • A worldview is a system of thought or extensive ideology that influences how people perceive and conceive the world around them.
    • It refers to individual and societal cultural values and philosophies about life and the world.

    Culture vs. Worldview

    • Culture is a shared and learned set of beliefs, norms, and values common to a group of people.
    • Worldview involves how people perceive their relationship to the world, including their values, beliefs, and assumptions.

    Ethnocentrism and Ethnorelativism

    • Ethnocentrism: the belief that one's worldview is the norm, often resulting in denial, defense, or minimization of differences with other cultures.
    • Ethnorelativism: the movement towards acceptance and integration of other worldviews.

    Value Orientation Theory

    • Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck (1961) identified five areas of value orientation:
      • Human Nature: What is the basic nature of people?
      • Man-Nature Relationship: What is the appropriate relationship to nature?
      • Time Sense: How should we best think about time?
      • Activity: What is the best mode of activity?
      • Social Relations: What is the best form of social organization?

    Value Orientation Method (VOM)

    • A tool used to understand cultural differences by surveying individual values and preferences in six areas:
      • View of human nature
      • Concept of self
      • Relation to nature
      • Activity
      • Time
      • Social interaction

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    Description

    Learn about the role of collective culture in shaping individual identity and behavior, and how it is learned and shared among group members

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