Understanding Capsid Classification in Virology
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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe the entire infectious unit of a virus?

virion

Where do viruses replicate?

living cells

What information does the viral nucleic acid contain?

necessary to cause the infected host cell to synthesize virus-specific macromolecules

What is the function of coat proteins in viruses?

<p>form the capsid which encases and stabilizes the viral nucleic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do viruses vary in terms of structure and genome organization?

<p>greatly</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the size comparison between viruses and bacteria?

<p>Viruses are usually much smaller than bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the five classifications of capsids?

<p>Naked icosahedral, Enveloped icosahedral, Enveloped helical, Naked helical, Complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name an example virus for each of the following capsid classifications: Naked icosahedral, Enveloped icosahedral, Enveloped helical, Naked helical, Complex.

<p>Naked icosahedral - Hepatitis A virus; Enveloped icosahedral - Epstein-Barr virus; Enveloped helical - Mumps virus; Naked helical - Tobacco mosaic virus; Complex - Herpesviruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with developing the Baltimore classification system for viruses?

<p>David Baltimore</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are viruses grouped in the Baltimore classification scheme?

<p>According to how the mRNA is produced during the replicative cycle of the virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of genome do Group I viruses have according to the Baltimore classification scheme?

<p>Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the mRNA produced in Group I viruses, according to the Baltimore classification scheme?

<p>By transcription in a similar way to cellular DNA, using the enzymes of the host cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the size range of most viruses?

<p>5 to 300 nanometers (nm)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two giant viruses that have been identified in recent years.

<p>Mimiviruses and Pandoraviruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

How were viruses first discovered?

<p>After the development of the Chamberland-Pasteur filter</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who demonstrated the transmission of tobacco mosaic disease from a diseased plant to a healthy one?

<p>Adolph Meyer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Dmitri Ivanowski show in 1892?

<p>Disease transmission even after bacterial removal by the filter</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of a virion?

<p>Nucleic acid core, outer protein coating, sometimes an outer envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of prophage genome in host cells?

<p>Copied passively alongside the host genome without producing proteins for offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are bacterial hosts usually affected by the presence of phage genome?

<p>Usually unaffected</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of bacteriophages in natural ecosystems?

<p>Regulators of bacterial populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the infection process of bacteriophages?

<p>Adsorption/attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a bacteriophage penetrate the bacterial cell?

<p>Lysozyme weakens cell wall, tail sheath contracts, and hollow tube penetrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the replication stage of bacteriophages?

<p>Phage genes take control of host cell's machinery to produce viral products</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the translation process of viral mRNA take place in the host cell?

<p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which cellular compartment are DNA viruses typically assembled?

<p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are enveloped viruses usually released from the host cell?

<p>Budding</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to some viral proteins during the process of enveloped virus release?

<p>Stay within the host’s cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are residual viral proteins in the host cell's cytoplasm displayed for recognition by T lymphocytes?

<p>On MHC class I molecules at the cell surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can viral genes provide to a host cell lacking enzymes required for viral replication?

<p>Information to produce missing proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

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