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Which of the following is not considered a business function in an enterprise?
All stakeholders are shareholders.
False
What are the parts of a Business Information System?
Data, hardware, software, media, procedures, and people.
A stakeholder benefits from the operation of a company, such as _____ and suppliers.
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Match the problems faced in evaluating information with their examples:
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Which concept refers to making sure information is of the liking of its viewer?
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Cognitive misers refer to individuals who assess information subconsciously.
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What is the difference between a stakeholder and a shareholder?
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What is disinformation?
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A vertical search engine, like Amazon, is meant for general searches.
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What is the purpose of a spider/bot in a search engine?
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A _____ search engine is used for a general purpose, such as Google or Bing.
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Match the following types of search engines with their descriptions:
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When a user conducts a search, what are they accessing?
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The search engine database is typically owned by a third-party organization.
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Name one of the biggest players in the general search engine market.
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Which of the following is NOT a part of a database management system?
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Data quality is typically not controlled in a database management system.
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What is one advantage of using a database management system?
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One of the parts of a database management system is __________.
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Match the following advantages of a database management system with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is a challenge presented by Big Data for businesses?
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Data inconsistency refers to having the same data stored in different formats.
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What is the activity called when clients and IT staff collaborate to establish data requirements for a database?
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Data redundancy occurs when the same data is stored in _______ places.
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Match the following data qualities with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is NOT a quality of poor data management?
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Spreadsheets are the best method for managing large datasets.
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What is the smallest unit of data storage?
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A ________ is larger than a terabyte.
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Why should businesses avoid using spreadsheets for storing important data? (Select all that apply)
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What is the primary reason for moving from IPv4 to IPv6?
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No one owns the Internet; it is a voluntary cooperative.
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What does DNS stand for?
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A ___ is a software or hardware-based network security system that allows or denies network traffic.
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Match the following organizations with their functions:
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What are .com, .net, and .edu considered?
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The Internet of Things refers only to services and does not involve buying or selling goods.
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What is packet switching and why is it used over circuit switching?
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Study Notes
Internal View of an Enterprise
- All enterprises have business functions, either in-house or outsourced, to enable business decision-makers.
- These functions may or may not be called "departments".
- Examples of functions: Accounting, Finance, HR, Marketing, Sales, and Operations Management.
External View of an Enterprise
- Stakeholders benefit from the operation of a company.
- Examples of stakeholders: customers, suppliers, and shareholders.
Stakeholder vs. Shareholder
- All shareholders are stakeholders, but not all stakeholders are shareholders.
- A shareholder simply owns shares of stock.
Business Information Systems
- Business information systems capture, create, store, transform, and deliver data to help enterprise members make decisions and perform their jobs.
- They include people, policies, and culture.
- Parts: data, hardware, software, media, procedures, and people.
Evaluating Information
- Three main problems faced when evaluating information:
- Information Overload: The average American sees approximately 5,000 ads per day.
- More Variability in Information Quality: Previously, committees ensured high-quality information was published, but now anyone can post anything online.
- Information Evaluation is Hard: Humans are "cognitive misers," meaning they subconsciously evaluate information.
Pro Concentration vs. Pro Distribution
- Pro Concentration: Focuses on ensuring information is high quality.
- Pro Distribution: Focuses on ensuring information is pleasing to the viewer.
Cognitive Misers and Disinformation
- A "cognitive miser" is someone who uses shortcuts or heuristics to make decisions, potentially leading to biases and misinformation.
- Disinformation is the intentional creation and transmission of known false information.
- Examples: Fake ads and accounts spreading inaccurate and misleading information.
Good Research
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Search Engine Market:
- General Search Engines: Used for general purposes (e.g., Google, Bing, Yahoo).
- Vertical Search Engines: More specific or focused purposes (e.g., Amazon for products, YouTube for videos, Zillow for houses).
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Internet:
- Websites and Webpages: Millions of websites and billions of webpages exist.
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Search Engine Function:
- Spider/Bot: Crawls the web for content, retrieves URLs and data, and populates the database.
- Database: Stores information collected by the spider/bot and provides it to the user.
- User: Searches the database via a search engine, not directly accessing the web.
Big Data Challenges
- Large amounts of growing data, especially unstructured data, are difficult to manage, index, and analyze.
Spreadsheets vs. Database Management Systems
- Using spreadsheets to store important data is problematic because:
- Data Redundancy: Unnecessary duplication.
- Data Inconsistency: Inconsistent data stored in different ways.
- Data Isolation: Difficult to retrieve and search data efficiently.
- Data Insecurity: Easy to access the data.
- Data Errors: Easy to make mistakes.
- Poor Data Integrity: Result of all the above issues.
- Spreadsheets are useful for analyzing and visually displaying information.
High-Quality Information
- Businesses spend significant resources ensuring data quality.
- Essential characteristics of high-quality information:
- Consistent: Information is the same across different sources.
- Complete: Information is comprehensive and contains all necessary details.
- Accessible: Easily obtained and usable.
- Accurate: Information is truthful and reliable.
- Timely: Information is received before it is needed.
Poor Data Management
- Poor data management can lead to:
- Data Redundancy: Same data stored in multiple locations unnecessarily.
- Data Inconsistency: Data is not synced or stored in different formats.
- Data Isolation: Data is in silos, making it difficult to access and use.
- Data Insecurity: Vulnerable to unauthorized access due to multiple access points and users.
Data Modeling
- Data modeling is a collaboration between clients and IT staff to understand and define data requirements for a database.
Memory and Storage Units
- Memory and storage units are measured in KB, MB, GB, TB, and PB.
- The units increase in size from KB to PB:
- Kilobyte (KB): Smallest unit (1000 bytes).
- Megabyte (MB): 1000 Kilobytes.
- Gigabyte (GB): 1000 Megabytes.
- Terabyte (TB): 1000 Gigabytes.
- Petabyte (PB): 1024 Terabytes.
Relational Database
- A database is a collection of related, logically coherent data used by applications in an organization.
- A database management system (DBMS) defines, creates, and maintains a database. It also controls access to the data.
- Parts of a DBMS: Hardware, Software, Data, Users, Procedures.
Advantages of Database Management Systems
- Centralized Data: All files are in one location, accessible by anyone.
- Controlled Data Quality: A team ensures data quality characteristics are met.
- Accessible Data: Easier to extract data from a database and analyze in a spreadsheet.
- Easier Maintenance: Easier to add large amounts of data and manage information efficiently.
Internet Subsystems
- The Internet is a high-level system that uses a combination of sub-systems.
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol) and email are sub-systems that help facilitate data transfer and communication within the Internet.
- The web is a sub-system of the Internet, allowing users to access and share information through websites and web pages.
Moving from IPv4 to IPv6
- IPv4 has run out of addresses to allocate due to its limited range of addresses.
- IPv6 expands the address size to 16 bytes, providing a much larger address space to support the growing Internet.
Ownership of the Internet
- The Internet has no single owner. People follow rules and benefit from a cooperative system. Different countries have different regulations and usage patterns.
URL, IP, and DNS
- URL (Uniform Resource Locator): Unique address for a website (e.g., google.com).
- IP Address (Internet Protocol): Numerical address identifying a computer or device on a network.
- DNS (Domain Name Service): Web's phone book, translating URLs into IP addresses.
Internet Domains
- Domains identify specific categories or organizations (e.g., .com, .net, .edu).
- .com: Reserved for commercial organizations and businesses.
- .net: Open to any person or entity.
- .edu: Reserved for accredited postsecondary institutions.
Internet of Things vs. Internet of Everything
- Internet of Things: Refers to the growing trend of buying and selling goods online.
- Internet of Everything: Includes the exchange of both goods and services, encompassing a broader range of interactions.
Firewall
- A firewall acts as a security system in a network, enforcing rules to allow or deny network traffic.
Packet Switching
- The Internet uses packet switching, dividing data into small packets and sending them independently across various paths.
- Packet switching is more efficient than circuit switching, which requires a dedicated connection for the entire communication.
Internet Organizations
- IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force): Develops standards and protocols for the Internet.
- W3 Consortium (World Wide Web Consortium): Develops standards for the World Wide Web, including HTML and CSS.
- FCC (Federal Communications Commission): Regulates communications, including internet services, in the United States.
- IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers): Develops standards for various technologies, including Wi-Fi protocols.
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Description
This quiz explores the internal and external views of an enterprise, highlighting key business functions like Accounting and Marketing. It also differentiates between stakeholders and shareholders while discussing the role of business information systems in decision-making. Evaluate your knowledge of these fundamental concepts in business management.
