Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a common consequence of biases in healthcare for marginalized social groups?
What is a common consequence of biases in healthcare for marginalized social groups?
Which of the following factors is associated with increased negative health outcomes due to biases?
Which of the following factors is associated with increased negative health outcomes due to biases?
How do gender norms affect men's behavior in seeking healthcare?
How do gender norms affect men's behavior in seeking healthcare?
Which group of patients was found to receive better quality care than others?
Which group of patients was found to receive better quality care than others?
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What is a significant impact of discrimination and biases in healthcare?
What is a significant impact of discrimination and biases in healthcare?
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What does research indicate about the treatment of certain social groups in healthcare?
What does research indicate about the treatment of certain social groups in healthcare?
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What was the primary method used to assess patient-centeredness in the study involving 252 adult patients?
What was the primary method used to assess patient-centeredness in the study involving 252 adult patients?
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What assumption was made about Black people in relation to GFR race corrections?
What assumption was made about Black people in relation to GFR race corrections?
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What was the consequence of the false muscle mass assumption regarding eGFR for African Americans?
What was the consequence of the false muscle mass assumption regarding eGFR for African Americans?
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What significant change did the National Kidney Foundation make in 2021?
What significant change did the National Kidney Foundation make in 2021?
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What is a cognitive bias?
What is a cognitive bias?
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How does availability bias affect health care decisions?
How does availability bias affect health care decisions?
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Which of the following is an example of availability bias in health care?
Which of the following is an example of availability bias in health care?
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What is one potential outcome of cognitive bias in health care?
What is one potential outcome of cognitive bias in health care?
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Why might individuals be unaware of their cognitive biases?
Why might individuals be unaware of their cognitive biases?
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Which statement best describes the nature of biases?
Which statement best describes the nature of biases?
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What strategies can help individuals challenge their cognitive biases?
What strategies can help individuals challenge their cognitive biases?
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Who is at greater risk for biased treatment in health care?
Who is at greater risk for biased treatment in health care?
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What was the primary use of the term 'race' before the 1700s and 1800s?
What was the primary use of the term 'race' before the 1700s and 1800s?
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What confirmation did the Human Genome Project provide regarding race?
What confirmation did the Human Genome Project provide regarding race?
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In the study conducted by Schulman et al. in 1999, what pattern was observed regarding physician referrals?
In the study conducted by Schulman et al. in 1999, what pattern was observed regarding physician referrals?
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What misconception about Black patients did physicians in the study express?
What misconception about Black patients did physicians in the study express?
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Which type of categorization of people has been reinforced by ideas surrounding race during enslavement?
Which type of categorization of people has been reinforced by ideas surrounding race during enslavement?
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Which stereotype is typically admitted by health professionals about African Americans?
Which stereotype is typically admitted by health professionals about African Americans?
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What is one observed benefit of matching the race of patient and physician?
What is one observed benefit of matching the race of patient and physician?
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What contributes significantly to 'weathering' in African American women?
What contributes significantly to 'weathering' in African American women?
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What should health professionals avoid when seeking to improve equity in healthcare?
What should health professionals avoid when seeking to improve equity in healthcare?
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Which disposition is NOT associated with the biases admitted by health professionals about African Americans?
Which disposition is NOT associated with the biases admitted by health professionals about African Americans?
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What is one of the actions health professionals can take to improve equity?
What is one of the actions health professionals can take to improve equity?
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What percentage of MDs are Black in the U.S. compared to the percentage of Black Americans?
What percentage of MDs are Black in the U.S. compared to the percentage of Black Americans?
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What factor does NOT contribute to disparities in healthcare?
What factor does NOT contribute to disparities in healthcare?
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What is a key benefit of increased diversity among health professionals?
What is a key benefit of increased diversity among health professionals?
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What is one action an undergraduate can take to better understand diverse perspectives?
What is one action an undergraduate can take to better understand diverse perspectives?
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Why is it important to listen for understanding in conversations about different experiences?
Why is it important to listen for understanding in conversations about different experiences?
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Which of the following courses focuses on addressing social inequalities?
Which of the following courses focuses on addressing social inequalities?
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What is recommended when engaging with individuals from diverse backgrounds?
What is recommended when engaging with individuals from diverse backgrounds?
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Which of the following statements is true about contacting faculty for discussions on health equity?
Which of the following statements is true about contacting faculty for discussions on health equity?
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Which department's courses emphasize the importance of culture in health literacy?
Which department's courses emphasize the importance of culture in health literacy?
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What specific certificate can enhance understanding of social inequalities in health?
What specific certificate can enhance understanding of social inequalities in health?
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Study Notes
Understanding Bias in Healthcare: The Road to Equity
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The lecture aims to understand bias in healthcare and the path towards equity.
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The importance of confronting discomfort to learn and grow is emphasized.
Learning Objectives
- Cognitive bias
- Social bias
- Race as a social construct
- Examples of how racism negatively impacts health outcomes
- Strategies to move toward equity
Cognitive Bias
- Cognitive bias is a mental shortcut the brain employs to process information rapidly.
- It's a systematic, not random, error in thinking.
- Biases are usually unintentional.
- Generally, people are unaware of their cognitive biases until educated on them.
- Individuals can practice recognizing and challenging these biases, even while experiencing them.
Availability Bias
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Occurs when decisions are made based on readily available information, especially recent or memorable experiences.
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Recent or vivid experiences significantly influence patient-centered decision-making in healthcare.
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Example: Physicians who witnessed severe side effects from a drug in one patient were less likely to prescribe the same drug to other patients.
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Example: Doctors were more prone to C-sections after witnessing negative birth outcomes in previous patients.
Research Evidence
- Research reveals systematic bias in treatment based on social identities.
- Members of minority groups may receive inferior healthcare compared to other groups, despite this not always being intentional.
- Bias can stem from unconscious or implicit attitudes.
- Adverse impacts on health outcomes are linked to bias and discrimination.
Impact of Bias
- Increased risk of incorrect diagnoses due to biased treatment
- Patients may feel disrespected, disbelieved, and hurt.
- Mistrust of healthcare providers might develop, leading to decreased use of services.
- There is a risk of more negative health consequences.
Scientific Evidence (2019 Report)
- White patients are more likely to receive better quality care than Black, Native American, Alaska Native, Hispanic, and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander patients.
Disparity in Positive Affect (2003 Study)
- Studies show patients with matching race/ethnicity with physicians tend to achieve better experiences, including longer appointments and higher satisfaction ratings.
- These favorable results are associated with increased feelings of positivity by patients.
Racism in Medicine Example (eGFR)
- Incorrect "corrections" in eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) calculations for patients of varying races.
- Historically, these were based on the false belief that people of color have greater muscle mass.
- This led to inaccurate diagnoses and potentially inappropriate medical interventions.
Racialized Diseases
- Diseases aren't exclusive to any specific race.
What can health professionals do?
- Be aware of potential biases and assumptions during patient interactions.
- Use data-driven approaches rather than hunches to establish diagnoses.
- Acknowledge and value diversity in patients’ backgrounds.
- Encourage a more inclusive healthcare system.
What can students do now?
- Appreciate that perceptions of the outside may distort the inner experiences of others.
- Engage with individuals from different backgrounds.
- Focus on understanding without needing to respond in a judgmental manner.
- Continuously learn and develop a deeper understanding of bias and equity.
Additional Points
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List of related courses to further the student's learning experience is provided.
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Issues of race are categorized as a social construct, rooted in historical context, not biological or based on genetic differences.
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The idea of biologically distinct races has been disproven by the Human Genome Project.
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Description
This quiz explores various types of biases in healthcare, focusing on cognitive and social biases. It delves into how racial biases affect health outcomes and emphasizes strategies for achieving equity in healthcare. Learning to recognize and address these biases is crucial for improving patient care and ensuring fair treatment.
