Understanding Bacterial Evolution and Antibiotic Resistance

The two strategies are developing drugs that target aureus specifically and developing drugs that slow the growth of MRSA but do not kill it. The first strategy might be effective because it would target the specific bacteria, whereas the second strategy might be effective because it would not exert strong selective pressure, reducing the likelihood of resistance development.

Homology is the similarity in characteristics between related species that results from their common ancestry. It is a result of the shared genetic makeup of these species, which leads to similar structures or features that may have different functions.

The main prediction is that closely related species should share similar features, which is supported by the observation that they share many features beyond those used to determine their relationship.

<p>The skeletal structure of mammalian forelimbs shows homology, as they are constructed from the same basic elements despite being adapted for different functions. This similarity is a result of their common ancestry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural selection leads to the adaptation of species over time as they face different environmental conditions, which favor the survival and reproduction of individuals with certain traits. This leads to the accumulation of adaptations over generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fact that bacterial species can exchange genes allows them to share genes that confer antibiotic resistance, making it more likely for resistance to develop and spread.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide evidence for the common ancestry of species, as they suggest that these organisms shared a common ancestor with walking vertebrates and sighted organisms, respectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests that all species descended from common ancestors that used this code, providing evidence for the common ancestry of all life on Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide evidence for the common ancestry of species, as they suggest that these organisms share a distant common ancestor that passed on these genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pseudogenes are inactive genes that have lost their function, but are still present in an organism's genome due to their presence in a common ancestor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide evidence for the common ancestry of vertebrate species, as they suggest that these organisms shared a common ancestor that had these characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests that evolution occurs through a gradual process of modification of existing characteristics, rather than through the sudden appearance of new traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The similarity in the arrangement of bones suggests that these structures evolved from a common ancestor, rather than arising anew in each species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comparing early stages of development reveals additional anatomical homologies that are not visible in adult organisms, providing evidence for evolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vestigial structures are remnants of features that served a function in an organism's ancestors, but have little or no importance to the organism today. They suggest that evolution has occurred and that species have adapted to their environments over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homologous structures, such as the forelimbs of mammals, demonstrate that evolution occurs gradually, with small changes accumulating over time to produce different structures with similar underlying anatomy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of vestigial structures contradicts Lamarck's hypothesis, which suggests that organisms can pass on characteristics acquired through use or disuse to their offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anatomical homologies, such as those found in the forelimbs of mammals, suggest that species share a common ancestor and have evolved over time through natural selection, where variations with increased fitness are more likely to be passed on to offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Harmful effects on the organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To introduce small pieces of DNA into the genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An important source of new genetic variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because mice have a more developed sense of smell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allowed them to detect faint odors and distinguish among smells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They vary from organism to organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Point mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase in the frequency of CW alleles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because they occur in somatic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alleles are transferred that limit the adaptation of one or both populations to their local environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No effect on the protein's shape and function</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mutation that makes the bearer better suited to the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amalgamation of populations into a single population with a common gene pool</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapid spread of copper-tolerant alleles within the local population</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cline</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Copper-tolerant plants are at a disadvantage and reproduce poorly</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both beneficial and detrimental alleles</p> Signup and view all the answers