MRSA and Staphylococcus

<p>Oxacillin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Athletes and individuals in close contact sports (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They form grape-like clusters. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scalded skin syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resistance to methicillin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are part of the normal microbiome of skin and mucous membranes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>S.epidermidis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can cause food poisoning through toxin production. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facultative anaerobes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>S.lugdunensis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibits chemotaxis and phagocytosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyaluronidase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibits antibody-mediated clearance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Culture and Gram Stain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Converts fibrinogen to fibrin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enterotoxins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nutritionally enriched agar supplemented with sheep blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>37°C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coagulase test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large, smooth colonies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapid Latex Agglutination test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plague (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-positive cocci (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differentiates between staphylococci and streptococci (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They often appear as red, swollen, and painful wounds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tuberculosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vancomycin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MRSA is resistant to all β-lactam antibiotics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Over 126,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and clindamycin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcus epidermidis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$2.5 billion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A genus of Gram-positive cocci often found in clusters, known for being part of the normal flora of humans.

The most virulent species of Staphylococcus, causing a wide range of diseases from skin infections to bacteremia.

A part of skin flora, it can cause opportunistic infections, especially in hospital settings.

A species of Staphylococcus linked to urinary tract infections, particularly in young women.

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, known for causing serious infections, particularly in healthcare settings.

Includes food poisoning, scalded skin syndrome, toxic shock syndrome, and various skin and systemic infections.

Staphylococcus species reside mainly on skin, mucous membranes, and in feces.

Infections that occur when the body's defenses are weakened, often linked to S.epidermidis and S.saprophyticus in hospitals.

Genes that enable MRSA to resist penicillin by altering its binding site.

Common symptoms include fever, chills, redness, swelling, and pustules.

MRSA was first identified in 1961 in England and reached the US in the 1980s.

Both hospital patients and community members are at risk for MRSA infections.

A pathogenic bacteria responsible for various infections, with significant virulence factors.

Components or substances that enhance S. aureus's ability to cause disease.

A protective layer that inhibits immune responses like chemotaxis and phagocytosis.

Proteins that damage the skin's outer layer, leading to conditions like scalded skin syndrome.

A superantigen that can cause severe shock and damage to blood vessels.

An enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin, aiding in clot formation.

Laboratory methods used to identify bacteria from clinical specimens for diagnosis.

Wounds that are red, swollen, painful, with pus or drainage.

Conditions caused by MRSA, including bacteremia, pneumonia, and surgical site infections.

About 5% of U.S. hospital patients carry MRSA, causing ~126,000 infections and 5,000 deaths yearly.

MRSA strains resist all β-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins and cephalosporins.

Vancomycin is the preferred intravenous therapy for MRSA infections.

Daptomycin, tigecycline, and linezolid can also treat MRSA infections.

Common skin and mucous membrane inhabitants, including S. epidermidis.

Inoculate clinical specimens onto nutritionally enriched agar with sheep blood for S. aureus growth.

S. aureus is incubated at 37°C in an aerobic environment for optimal growth.

S. aureus colonies appear large, smooth and turn yellow after time on culture media.

All S. aureus isolates produce hemolysis when grown on sheep blood agar.

The catalase test differentiates staphylococci (positive) from streptococci (negative) in gram-positive cocci.

The coagulase test distinguishes S. aureus (positive) from other coagulase-negative staphylococci.

This test identifies S. aureus and MRSA by detecting coagulase or protein A.