Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
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Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

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Questions and Answers

What is a common characteristic of severe impairments in communication skills?

  • Enhanced ability to initiate interactions
  • Increased interest in social interactions
  • Minimal response to social overtures from others (correct)
  • Clear examples of successful responses to social overtures

    • How does inflexibility of behavior affect functioning?

  • It decreases the need for social interactions.
  • It enhances coping mechanisms for change.
  • It allows for better organization and planning.
  • It leads to significant interference in various contexts. (correct)

    • What difficulty is associated with switching between activities?

  • Improved organization of tasks
  • A decrease in independent functioning (correct)
  • An increase in social interaction
  • An ability to manage change effectively

    • What is a behavioral indication of distress related to focus or action?

    <p>Great difficulty changing focus or action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact do restricted and repetitive behaviors have on functioning?

    <p>They significantly interfere with functioning in various contexts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic mutation associated with Rett syndrome?

    <p>MECP2 mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of Rett syndrome?

    <p>Loss of mobility or gait disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant development occurs in children with Childhood Disintegrative Disorder?

    <p>Loss of social behavior and language after a period of normal development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many domains were included in the ASD diagnosis before DSM V?

    <p>3 domains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a new category added within the restricted interests/repetitive behavior domain in DSM V?

    <p>Hyper or hypo-reactivity to sensory input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the DSM V diagnosis of ASD, what does Level 1 imply?

    <p>Requires occasional support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the goals of the DSM V revision?

    <p>Overcome inconsistencies in diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is often associated with Childhood Disintegrative Disorder?

    <p>Loss of bowel and bladder control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Level 3 severity in ASD according to DSM V?

    <p>Requires very substantial support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common outcome occurs after a period of normal development in both Rett syndrome and Childhood Disintegrative Disorder?

    <p>Regression in skills and abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Ben's typical behavior with his trains?

    <p>He lines them up consistently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concerns does Kyla's mother have regarding her development?

    <p>Kyla has exhibited signs of regression in growth and speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Ben typically respond to his sister?

    <p>He completely ignores her.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic behavior observed in Kyla?

    <p>She regresses to mere babbling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of movements has Kyla been observed to have?

    <p>Stereotypical hand movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Ben's mother suspect about him?

    <p>He is probably just slow to talk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Dennis prefer to spend his time?

    <p>Interacting with adult family members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes Kyla's condition as reported?

    <p>She has poor growth and regression in skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change regarding the onset age of symptoms does DSM V implement?

    <p>Symptoms can now present without a past report</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which requirement was eliminated in DSM V regarding language development?

    <p>Required delay in language development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What new diagnostic category is introduced in DSM V?

    <p>Social Communication Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of communication does pragmatics refer to?

    <p>The rules for language usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstances can Social Communication Disorder be diagnosed?

    <p>If symptoms are present in early childhood and do not meet ASD criteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area does Social Communication Disorder specifically target?

    <p>Social aspect of verbal and nonverbal communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may low social communication abilities lead to?

    <p>Functional limitations in various areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case study presented, what notable behavior does Ben exhibit?

    <p>He plays contently alone without comprehension of his toys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change occurred in the DSM III regarding autism?

    <p>Autism became its own diagnostic category.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term was introduced in the DSM IV to describe a condition distinct from autistic disorder?

    <p>Asperger Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a problem with the DSM III-R related to autism diagnosis?

    <p>False positives due to over-inclusiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a characteristic of Asperger's Syndrome?

    <p>Cognitive delays.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is often referred to as 'atypical autism'?

    <p>PDD-NOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant feature of Rett Syndrome?

    <p>Development of communication skills is typically delayed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which DSM edition did Asperger Syndrome first appear?

    <p>DSM IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does PDD-NOS stand for?

    <p>Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary difficulty faced by individuals with Asperger's Syndrome?

    <p>Interpreting social cues and body language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of social interaction is typically affected by autism?

    <p>Ability to read social cues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might someone with Asperger's appear rude or inconsiderate?

    <p>They are unaware of social rules and cues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a notable issue with the DSM system before revisions occurred?

    <p>Difficulty distinguishing between various disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many total criteria are required for a diagnosis of Autistic Disorder in DSM IV-TR?

    <p>6+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

    • ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects communication and social interaction.
    • ASD is characterized by restricted interests and repetitive behaviors.
    • ASD includes a spectrum of individuals with varying levels of severity.
    • The DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition) is a standard diagnostic manual for mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders.
    • The DSM-5 includes ASD as a diagnostic category, replacing previous categories like autistic disorder and Asperger's syndrome.
    • The DSM-5 defines ASD based on two domains: Social Communication Impairment and Restricted Interests/Repetitive Behaviors.
    • The DSM-5 includes severity levels for ASD, ranging from requiring support to requiring very substantial support.
    • The DSM-5 does not require a specific age of onset for ASD and has eliminated the requirement for language delay in diagnosis.

    Case Examples

    • Case 1: Ben is a 2-year-old boy who exhibits several ASD characteristics, including restricted interests, lack of imaginative play, repetitive behaviors, and lack of social interaction, all of which are signs of possible ASD.
    • Case 2: Kyla is a 2-year-old girl who demonstrates signs of Rett syndrome, a rare genetic disorder often characterized by developmental regression, motor, and language deficits.
    • Case 3: Dennis is a 7-year-old boy who exhibits high cognitive abilities but struggles with social interaction, suggesting possible Asperger's syndrome or ASD.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the key features of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) as defined by the DSM-5. It covers the diagnostic criteria, severity levels, and individual differences within the spectrum. Test your knowledge on ASD's impact on communication and behavior.

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